Messenger RNA Delivery for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications

The ability to control cellular processes and precisely direct cellular reprogramming has revolutionized regenerative medicine. Recent advances in in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA technology with chemical modifications have led to development of methods that control spatiotemporal gene expression. Ad...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tissue engineering. Part A 2019-01, Vol.25 (1-2), p.91-112
Main Authors: Patel, Siddharth, Athirasala, Avathamsa, Menezes, Paula P., Ashwanikumar, N., Zou, Ting, Sahay, Gaurav, Bertassoni, Luiz E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Differentiation
Drug Delivery Systems - methods
Gene expression
Gene therapy
Genetic engineering
Humans
Hydrogels
Regenerative medicine
Regenerative Medicine - methods
RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - therapeutic use
Secretome
Special Focus
Special Focus Articles
Stem cells
Stem Cells - metabolism
Tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering - methods
Vascularization
Xenografts
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Summary:The ability to control cellular processes and precisely direct cellular reprogramming has revolutionized regenerative medicine. Recent advances in in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA technology with chemical modifications have led to development of methods that control spatiotemporal gene expression. Additionally, there is a current thrust toward the development of safe, integration-free approaches to gene therapy for translational purposes. In this review, we describe strategies of synthetic IVT mRNA modifications and nonviral technologies for intracellular delivery. We provide insights into the current tissue engineering approaches that use a hydrogel scaffold with genetic material. Furthermore, we discuss the transformative potential of novel mRNA formulations that when embedded in hydrogels can trigger controlled genetic manipulation to regenerate tissues and organs in vitro and in vivo . The role of mRNA delivery in vascularization, cytoprotection, and Cas9-mediated xenotransplantation is additionally highlighted. Harmonizing mRNA delivery vehicle interactions with polymeric scaffolds can be used to present genetic cues that lead to precise command over cellular reprogramming, differentiation, and secretome activity of stem cells–an ultimate goal for tissue engineering.
ISSN:1937-3341
1937-335X
DOI:10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0444