Facial masculinity does not appear to be a condition-dependent male ornament and does not reflect MHC heterozygosity in humans

Recent studies have called into question the idea that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament that indicates immunocompetence in humans. We add to this growing body of research by calculating an objective measure of facial masculinity/femininity using 3D images in a large sample (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2019-01, Vol.116 (5), p.1633-1638
Main Authors: Zaidi, Arslan A., White, Julie D., Mattern, Brooke C., Liebowitz, Corey R., Puts, David A., Claes, Peter, Shriver, Mark D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Beauty
Biological Sciences
Body height
Choice Behavior - physiology
Face - physiology
Female
Females
Genetic markers
Heterozygosity
Heterozygote
Humans
Immunity
Immunocompetence
Immunocompetence - physiology
Major histocompatibility complex
Major Histocompatibility Complex - physiology
Male
Males
Masculinity
Physiological Phenomena - physiology
Sex Characteristics
Sexual Behavior - physiology
Social Sciences
Young Adult
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Summary:Recent studies have called into question the idea that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament that indicates immunocompetence in humans. We add to this growing body of research by calculating an objective measure of facial masculinity/femininity using 3D images in a large sample (n = 1,233) of people of European ancestry. We show that facial masculinity is positively correlated with adult height in both males and females. However, facial masculinity scales with growth similarly in males and females, suggesting that facial masculinity is not exclusively a male ornament, as male ornaments are typically more sensitive to growth in males compared with females. Additionally, we measured immunocompetence via heterozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a widely-used genetic marker of immunity. We show that, while height is positively correlated with MHC heterozygosity, facial masculinity is not. Thus, facial masculinity does not reflect immunocompetence measured by MHC heterozygosity in humans. Overall, we find no support for the idea that facial masculinity is a condition-dependent male ornament that has evolved to indicate immunocompetence.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1808659116