Formulation and Characterization of Quercetin-loaded Oil in Water Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of Hypocholesterolemic Activity in Rats

Due to poor water solubility and high susceptibility to chemical degradation, the applications of quercetin have been limited. This study investigated the effects of pH on the formation of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (NQ) and compared the hypocholesterolemic activity between quercetin and NQ to ut...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2019-01, Vol.11 (2), p.244
Main Authors: Son, Hye-Yeon, Lee, Mak-Soon, Chang, Eugene, Kim, Seog-Young, Kang, Bori, Ko, Hyunmi, Kim, In-Hwan, Zhong, Qixin, Jo, Young-Hee, Kim, Chong-Tai, Kim, Yangha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABC transporters
Animals
Antioxidants - chemistry
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Bile
Bile acids
Bioavailability
Biopolymers
blood serum
Cardiovascular disease
chemical degradation
cholesteremic effect
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage
Cocoa
Curcumin
Emulsions - chemistry
encapsulation
enzymes
excretion
Fat metabolism
feces
Food
Fruits
functional foods
Garlic
gene expression
gene expression regulation
Green tea
Hesperidin
High density lipoprotein
high fat diet
Homeostasis
Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy
ingredients
Intestine
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
liver
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Metabolism
Nanoemulsions
Nanostructures
Natural resources
Oil
oils
Particle size
Polyphenols
Quercetin
Quercetin - chemistry
Quercetin - therapeutic use
Random Allocation
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sodium
Surface tension
Surfactants
Tea
Vegetable oils
water solubility
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3
container_end_page
container_issue 2
container_start_page 244
container_title Nutrients
container_volume 11
creator Son, Hye-Yeon
Lee, Mak-Soon
Chang, Eugene
Kim, Seog-Young
Kang, Bori
Ko, Hyunmi
Kim, In-Hwan
Zhong, Qixin
Jo, Young-Hee
Kim, Chong-Tai
Kim, Yangha
description Due to poor water solubility and high susceptibility to chemical degradation, the applications of quercetin have been limited. This study investigated the effects of pH on the formation of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (NQ) and compared the hypocholesterolemic activity between quercetin and NQ to utilize the quercetin as functional food ingredient. NQ particle size exhibited a range of 207⁻289 nm with polydispersity index range (
doi_str_mv 10.3390/nu11020244
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6412563</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2315521238</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkd1LHDEQwINUVNQX_wBZ6EsRVpPJx-69FOTwC0SxtPQx5JJsL5JNrsnuwfW9_7c5Tq_WvEyY-eXHTAahE4LPKZ3gizASggEDYzvoAHADtRCMfnp330fHOT_j9WlwI-ge2qdYNC20cID-XsfUj14NLoZKBVNN5yopPdjk_mySsaueRpu0HVyofVTGmurR-cqF6qcqXPWgQrTFkd8UV0vlx-3j29Ui6nn0Nhe4hN7p6lIPbumG1VryTQ35CO12ymd7_BoP0Y_rq-_T2_r-8eZuenlfa475UHcwswZ30DJjNGECU6ZFS2etsHjGTfkF2kw4cAYCt4Z1vBSExopYw3SDFT1EXzfexTjrrdE2DEl5uUiuV2klo3Ly_0pwc_krLqVgBLigRfDlVZDi77GMJHuXtfVeBRvHLAFaMQFOGCno5w_ocxxTKONJoIRzIEDbQp1tKJ1izsl222YIlusFy38LLvDp-_a36Ns66QuHuKKm</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2315521238</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Formulation and Characterization of Quercetin-loaded Oil in Water Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of Hypocholesterolemic Activity in Rats</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Son, Hye-Yeon ; Lee, Mak-Soon ; Chang, Eugene ; Kim, Seog-Young ; Kang, Bori ; Ko, Hyunmi ; Kim, In-Hwan ; Zhong, Qixin ; Jo, Young-Hee ; Kim, Chong-Tai ; Kim, Yangha</creator><creatorcontrib>Son, Hye-Yeon ; Lee, Mak-Soon ; Chang, Eugene ; Kim, Seog-Young ; Kang, Bori ; Ko, Hyunmi ; Kim, In-Hwan ; Zhong, Qixin ; Jo, Young-Hee ; Kim, Chong-Tai ; Kim, Yangha</creatorcontrib><description>Due to poor water solubility and high susceptibility to chemical degradation, the applications of quercetin have been limited. This study investigated the effects of pH on the formation of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (NQ) and compared the hypocholesterolemic activity between quercetin and NQ to utilize the quercetin as functional food ingredient. NQ particle size exhibited a range of 207⁻289 nm with polydispersity index range (&lt;0.47). The encapsulation efficiency increased stepwise from 56 to 92% as the pH increased from 4.0 to 9.0. Good stability of NQ was achieved in the pH range of 6.5⁻9.0 during 3-month storage at 21 and 37 °C. NQ displayed higher efficacy in reducing serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and increasing the release of bile acid into feces in rats fed high-cholesterol diet, compared to quercetin alone. NQ upregulated hepatic gene expression involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux, such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1). These results suggest at least partial involvement of hepatic bile acid synthesis and fecal cholesterol excretion in nanoemulsion quercetin-mediated beneficial effect on lipid abnormalities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu11020244</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30678282</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>ABC transporters ; Animals ; Antioxidants - chemistry ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; Bile ; Bile acids ; Bioavailability ; Biopolymers ; blood serum ; Cardiovascular disease ; chemical degradation ; cholesteremic effect ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, Dietary - administration &amp; dosage ; Cocoa ; Curcumin ; Emulsions - chemistry ; encapsulation ; enzymes ; excretion ; Fat metabolism ; feces ; Food ; Fruits ; functional foods ; Garlic ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; Green tea ; Hesperidin ; High density lipoprotein ; high fat diet ; Homeostasis ; Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy ; ingredients ; Intestine ; Lipid metabolism ; Lipids ; liver ; Low density lipoprotein ; Male ; Metabolism ; Nanoemulsions ; Nanostructures ; Natural resources ; Oil ; oils ; Particle size ; Polyphenols ; Quercetin ; Quercetin - chemistry ; Quercetin - therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; Surface tension ; Surfactants ; Tea ; Vegetable oils ; water solubility</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2019-01, Vol.11 (2), p.244</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7280-7597 ; 0000-0001-6266-5460 ; 0000-0001-6949-7666</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2315521238/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2315521238?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,25731,27901,27902,36989,36990,44566,53766,53768,74869</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678282$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Son, Hye-Yeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Mak-Soon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Eugene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Seog-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Bori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Hyunmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, In-Hwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Qixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, Young-Hee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Chong-Tai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yangha</creatorcontrib><title>Formulation and Characterization of Quercetin-loaded Oil in Water Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of Hypocholesterolemic Activity in Rats</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Due to poor water solubility and high susceptibility to chemical degradation, the applications of quercetin have been limited. This study investigated the effects of pH on the formation of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (NQ) and compared the hypocholesterolemic activity between quercetin and NQ to utilize the quercetin as functional food ingredient. NQ particle size exhibited a range of 207⁻289 nm with polydispersity index range (&lt;0.47). The encapsulation efficiency increased stepwise from 56 to 92% as the pH increased from 4.0 to 9.0. Good stability of NQ was achieved in the pH range of 6.5⁻9.0 during 3-month storage at 21 and 37 °C. NQ displayed higher efficacy in reducing serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and increasing the release of bile acid into feces in rats fed high-cholesterol diet, compared to quercetin alone. NQ upregulated hepatic gene expression involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux, such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1). These results suggest at least partial involvement of hepatic bile acid synthesis and fecal cholesterol excretion in nanoemulsion quercetin-mediated beneficial effect on lipid abnormalities.</description><subject>ABC transporters</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants - chemistry</subject><subject>Antioxidants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Bile</subject><subject>Bile acids</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biopolymers</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>chemical degradation</subject><subject>cholesteremic effect</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, Dietary - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Cocoa</subject><subject>Curcumin</subject><subject>Emulsions - chemistry</subject><subject>encapsulation</subject><subject>enzymes</subject><subject>excretion</subject><subject>Fat metabolism</subject><subject>feces</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>functional foods</subject><subject>Garlic</subject><subject>gene expression</subject><subject>gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Green tea</subject><subject>Hesperidin</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>high fat diet</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy</subject><subject>ingredients</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Lipid metabolism</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>liver</subject><subject>Low density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Nanoemulsions</subject><subject>Nanostructures</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Oil</subject><subject>oils</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><subject>Quercetin</subject><subject>Quercetin - chemistry</subject><subject>Quercetin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Surface tension</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>Tea</subject><subject>Vegetable oils</subject><subject>water solubility</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkd1LHDEQwINUVNQX_wBZ6EsRVpPJx-69FOTwC0SxtPQx5JJsL5JNrsnuwfW9_7c5Tq_WvEyY-eXHTAahE4LPKZ3gizASggEDYzvoAHADtRCMfnp330fHOT_j9WlwI-ge2qdYNC20cID-XsfUj14NLoZKBVNN5yopPdjk_mySsaueRpu0HVyofVTGmurR-cqF6qcqXPWgQrTFkd8UV0vlx-3j29Ui6nn0Nhe4hN7p6lIPbumG1VryTQ35CO12ymd7_BoP0Y_rq-_T2_r-8eZuenlfa475UHcwswZ30DJjNGECU6ZFS2etsHjGTfkF2kw4cAYCt4Z1vBSExopYw3SDFT1EXzfexTjrrdE2DEl5uUiuV2klo3Ly_0pwc_krLqVgBLigRfDlVZDi77GMJHuXtfVeBRvHLAFaMQFOGCno5w_ocxxTKONJoIRzIEDbQp1tKJ1izsl222YIlusFy38LLvDp-_a36Ns66QuHuKKm</recordid><startdate>20190122</startdate><enddate>20190122</enddate><creator>Son, Hye-Yeon</creator><creator>Lee, Mak-Soon</creator><creator>Chang, Eugene</creator><creator>Kim, Seog-Young</creator><creator>Kang, Bori</creator><creator>Ko, Hyunmi</creator><creator>Kim, In-Hwan</creator><creator>Zhong, Qixin</creator><creator>Jo, Young-Hee</creator><creator>Kim, Chong-Tai</creator><creator>Kim, Yangha</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7280-7597</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-5460</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-7666</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190122</creationdate><title>Formulation and Characterization of Quercetin-loaded Oil in Water Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of Hypocholesterolemic Activity in Rats</title><author>Son, Hye-Yeon ; Lee, Mak-Soon ; Chang, Eugene ; Kim, Seog-Young ; Kang, Bori ; Ko, Hyunmi ; Kim, In-Hwan ; Zhong, Qixin ; Jo, Young-Hee ; Kim, Chong-Tai ; Kim, Yangha</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>ABC transporters</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants - chemistry</topic><topic>Antioxidants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Bile</topic><topic>Bile acids</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Biopolymers</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>chemical degradation</topic><topic>cholesteremic effect</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol, Dietary - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Cocoa</topic><topic>Curcumin</topic><topic>Emulsions - chemistry</topic><topic>encapsulation</topic><topic>enzymes</topic><topic>excretion</topic><topic>Fat metabolism</topic><topic>feces</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>functional foods</topic><topic>Garlic</topic><topic>gene expression</topic><topic>gene expression regulation</topic><topic>Green tea</topic><topic>Hesperidin</topic><topic>High density lipoprotein</topic><topic>high fat diet</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy</topic><topic>ingredients</topic><topic>Intestine</topic><topic>Lipid metabolism</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Low density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Nanoemulsions</topic><topic>Nanostructures</topic><topic>Natural resources</topic><topic>Oil</topic><topic>oils</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Polyphenols</topic><topic>Quercetin</topic><topic>Quercetin - chemistry</topic><topic>Quercetin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Random Allocation</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Surface tension</topic><topic>Surfactants</topic><topic>Tea</topic><topic>Vegetable oils</topic><topic>water solubility</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Son, Hye-Yeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Mak-Soon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Eugene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Seog-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Bori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Hyunmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, In-Hwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Qixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, Young-Hee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Chong-Tai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yangha</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Son, Hye-Yeon</au><au>Lee, Mak-Soon</au><au>Chang, Eugene</au><au>Kim, Seog-Young</au><au>Kang, Bori</au><au>Ko, Hyunmi</au><au>Kim, In-Hwan</au><au>Zhong, Qixin</au><au>Jo, Young-Hee</au><au>Kim, Chong-Tai</au><au>Kim, Yangha</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Formulation and Characterization of Quercetin-loaded Oil in Water Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of Hypocholesterolemic Activity in Rats</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2019-01-22</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>244</spage><pages>244-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Due to poor water solubility and high susceptibility to chemical degradation, the applications of quercetin have been limited. This study investigated the effects of pH on the formation of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (NQ) and compared the hypocholesterolemic activity between quercetin and NQ to utilize the quercetin as functional food ingredient. NQ particle size exhibited a range of 207⁻289 nm with polydispersity index range (&lt;0.47). The encapsulation efficiency increased stepwise from 56 to 92% as the pH increased from 4.0 to 9.0. Good stability of NQ was achieved in the pH range of 6.5⁻9.0 during 3-month storage at 21 and 37 °C. NQ displayed higher efficacy in reducing serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and increasing the release of bile acid into feces in rats fed high-cholesterol diet, compared to quercetin alone. NQ upregulated hepatic gene expression involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux, such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 (ABCG1). These results suggest at least partial involvement of hepatic bile acid synthesis and fecal cholesterol excretion in nanoemulsion quercetin-mediated beneficial effect on lipid abnormalities.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30678282</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu11020244</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7280-7597</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-5460</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-7666</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2072-6643
ispartof Nutrients, 2019-01, Vol.11 (2), p.244
issn 2072-6643
2072-6643
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6412563
source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central
subjects ABC transporters
Animals
Antioxidants - chemistry
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Bile
Bile acids
Bioavailability
Biopolymers
blood serum
Cardiovascular disease
chemical degradation
cholesteremic effect
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage
Cocoa
Curcumin
Emulsions - chemistry
encapsulation
enzymes
excretion
Fat metabolism
feces
Food
Fruits
functional foods
Garlic
gene expression
gene expression regulation
Green tea
Hesperidin
High density lipoprotein
high fat diet
Homeostasis
Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy
ingredients
Intestine
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
liver
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Metabolism
Nanoemulsions
Nanostructures
Natural resources
Oil
oils
Particle size
Polyphenols
Quercetin
Quercetin - chemistry
Quercetin - therapeutic use
Random Allocation
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sodium
Surface tension
Surfactants
Tea
Vegetable oils
water solubility
title Formulation and Characterization of Quercetin-loaded Oil in Water Nanoemulsion and Evaluation of Hypocholesterolemic Activity in Rats
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-04T12%3A05%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Formulation%20and%20Characterization%20of%20Quercetin-loaded%20Oil%20in%20Water%20Nanoemulsion%20and%20Evaluation%20of%20Hypocholesterolemic%20Activity%20in%20Rats&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.au=Son,%20Hye-Yeon&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=244&rft.pages=244-&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft.eissn=2072-6643&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/nu11020244&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2315521238%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-f2bed0f284ddc146034c683b86e0b5d20237952542608d4f586e6c0a1ed4c70a3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2315521238&rft_id=info:pmid/30678282&rfr_iscdi=true