3D-Printed Bioactive Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Bioscaffolds Modified with Biomimetic Extracellular Matrices for Bone Regeneration

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2019-02, Vol.20 (4), p.942
• Main Authors: Wu, Yuan-Haw Andrew, Chiu, Yung-Cheng, Lin, Yen-Hong, Ho, Chia-Che, Shie, Ming-You, Chen, Yi-Wen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Additive manufacturing; Angiogenesis; Animals; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Biomedical materials; Biomimetic Materials - chemistry; Biomimetics; Bone growth; Bone Regeneration; Bones; Calcium; Calcium Compounds - chemistry; Calcium silicates; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell membranes; Cell Proliferation; Cytoskeleton; Extracellular matrix; Extracellular Matrix - chemistry; Extrusion; Gene expression; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Intracellular; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - drug effects; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - physiology; Organic chemistry; Osteogenesis; Piercing; Polycaprolactone; Polyesters - chemistry; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Ratios; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Silicates - chemistry; Stem cells; Studies; Tissue engineering; Tissue Scaffolds - adverse effects; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040942

Currently, clinically available orthopedic implants are extremely biocompatible but they lack specific biological characteristics that allow for further interaction with surrounding tissues. The extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated scaffolds have received considerable interest for bone regeneration due to their ability in upregulating regenerative cellular behaviors. This study delves into the designing and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds that were made out of calcium silicate (CS), polycaprolactone (PCL), and decellularized ECM (dECM) from MG63 cells, generating a promising bone tissue engineering strategy that revolves around the concept of enhancing osteogenesis by creating an osteoinductive microenvironment with osteogenesis-promoting dECM. We cultured MG63 on scaffolds to obtain a dECM-coated CS/PCL scaffold and further studied the biological performance of the dECM hybrid scaffolds. The results indicated that the dECM-coated CS/PCL scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility and effectively enhanced cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells by increasing the expression of osteogenic-related genes. They also presented anti-inflammatory characteristics by showing a decrease in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Histological analysis of in vivo experiments presented excellent bone regenerative capabilities of the dECM-coated scaffold. Overall, our work presented a promising technique for producing bioscaffolds that can augment bone tissue regeneration in numerous aspects.