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mtDNA analysis confirms the endangered Kashmir musk deer extends its range to Nepal
Musk deer Moschus spp. are endemic to the high mountain forests of central Asia. The taxonomic status of musk deer in the central and western Himalayas is poorly understood. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of musk deer from the central and western Himalayas based on mitochondrial genom...
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Published in: | Scientific reports 2019-03, Vol.9 (1), p.4895-4895, Article 4895 |
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creator | Singh, Paras Bikram Khatiwada, Janak Raj Saud, Pradip Jiang, Zhigang |
description | Musk deer
Moschus
spp. are endemic to the high mountain forests of central Asia. The taxonomic status of musk deer in the central and western Himalayas is poorly understood. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of musk deer from the central and western Himalayas based on mitochondrial genomic data of Cytochrome b (380 bps) and D-loop (1000 bps). Our results distinguished two divergent lineages using higher bootstrap support (bs) values from the Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities (bpp). Both the Manang and Kaski lineages from central Nepal are confirmed as Himalayan musk deer
Moschus leucogaster
and represent a species complex widespread throughout the central and eastern Himalayan region. The musk deer Mustang lineage was confirmed as Kashmir musk deer
Moschus cupreus
and has wide distribution in the western Himalayas (from central Nepal to Afghanistan). Our analysis validates that Kashmir musk deer is a genetically distinct species and it clarifies that Himalayan musk deer and Kashmir musk deer are confirmed instead of Alpine musk deer
Moschus chrysogaster
which has been previously described from the southern parts of Himalayas of Nepal, India and Pakistan. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-019-41167-4 |
format | article |
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Moschus
spp. are endemic to the high mountain forests of central Asia. The taxonomic status of musk deer in the central and western Himalayas is poorly understood. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of musk deer from the central and western Himalayas based on mitochondrial genomic data of Cytochrome b (380 bps) and D-loop (1000 bps). Our results distinguished two divergent lineages using higher bootstrap support (bs) values from the Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities (bpp). Both the Manang and Kaski lineages from central Nepal are confirmed as Himalayan musk deer
Moschus leucogaster
and represent a species complex widespread throughout the central and eastern Himalayan region. The musk deer Mustang lineage was confirmed as Kashmir musk deer
Moschus cupreus
and has wide distribution in the western Himalayas (from central Nepal to Afghanistan). Our analysis validates that Kashmir musk deer is a genetically distinct species and it clarifies that Himalayan musk deer and Kashmir musk deer are confirmed instead of Alpine musk deer
Moschus chrysogaster
which has been previously described from the southern parts of Himalayas of Nepal, India and Pakistan.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41167-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30894581</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>45 ; 45/23 ; 631/181/2480 ; 631/208 ; Animal populations ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Bayesian analysis ; Cameras ; Cytochrome ; Cytochrome b ; Cytochromes b - genetics ; Deer ; Deer - classification ; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics ; Endangered Species ; Genetics, Population ; Habitats ; Haplotypes ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Likelihood Functions ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Morphology ; Moschidae ; Moschus ; Mountain forests ; multidisciplinary ; Nepal ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Poaching ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Taxonomy ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2019-03, Vol.9 (1), p.4895-4895, Article 4895</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-6b59a6c24448b60f9d5d98ec567cc10e57643dfabb64412b88bb08afe1390a1c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-6b59a6c24448b60f9d5d98ec567cc10e57643dfabb64412b88bb08afe1390a1c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1507-2288 ; 0000-0003-2154-8588</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2194571227/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2194571227?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,74998</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30894581$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Singh, Paras Bikram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khatiwada, Janak Raj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saud, Pradip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Zhigang</creatorcontrib><title>mtDNA analysis confirms the endangered Kashmir musk deer extends its range to Nepal</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Musk deer
Moschus
spp. are endemic to the high mountain forests of central Asia. The taxonomic status of musk deer in the central and western Himalayas is poorly understood. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of musk deer from the central and western Himalayas based on mitochondrial genomic data of Cytochrome b (380 bps) and D-loop (1000 bps). Our results distinguished two divergent lineages using higher bootstrap support (bs) values from the Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities (bpp). Both the Manang and Kaski lineages from central Nepal are confirmed as Himalayan musk deer
Moschus leucogaster
and represent a species complex widespread throughout the central and eastern Himalayan region. The musk deer Mustang lineage was confirmed as Kashmir musk deer
Moschus cupreus
and has wide distribution in the western Himalayas (from central Nepal to Afghanistan). Our analysis validates that Kashmir musk deer is a genetically distinct species and it clarifies that Himalayan musk deer and Kashmir musk deer are confirmed instead of Alpine musk deer
Moschus chrysogaster
which has been previously described from the southern parts of Himalayas of Nepal, India and Pakistan.</description><subject>45</subject><subject>45/23</subject><subject>631/181/2480</subject><subject>631/208</subject><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bayes Theorem</subject><subject>Bayesian analysis</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Cytochrome</subject><subject>Cytochrome b</subject><subject>Cytochromes b - genetics</subject><subject>Deer</subject><subject>Deer - classification</subject><subject>DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics</subject><subject>Endangered Species</subject><subject>Genetics, Population</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Haplotypes</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Likelihood Functions</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Moschidae</subject><subject>Moschus</subject><subject>Mountain forests</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Nepal</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Poaching</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1O3DAUha2KqoMoL9AFssSGTYrt2I69QUJAKeoIFrRry3FuZgL5GXwTVN4eDzOl0EW9saXz-fjnI-QLZ185y80xSq6syRi3meRcF5n8QHYFkyoTuRA7b9Yzso94x9JQwkpuP5FZzoyVyvBdctuN59en1Pe-fcIGaRj6uokd0nEJFPrK9wuIUNEfHpddE2k34T2tACKF32PKkTYj0rjG6DjQa1j59jP5WPsWYX8775Ff3y5-nn3P5jeXV2en8yyoXIyZLpX1OggppSk1q22lKmsgKF2EwBmoQsu8qn1Zaim5KI0pS2Z8DTy3zPOQ75GTTe9qKjuoAvRj9K1bxabz8ckNvnHvk75ZusXw6LQU2hQmFRxtC-LwMAGOrmswQNv6HoYJneBWCWW5lAk9_Ae9G6aYfu2FkqrgQhSJEhsqxAExQv16Gc7cWpvbaHNJm3vR5tbVB2-f8brlj6QE5BsAU7T28ffs_9Q-A163oyI</recordid><startdate>20190320</startdate><enddate>20190320</enddate><creator>Singh, Paras Bikram</creator><creator>Khatiwada, Janak Raj</creator><creator>Saud, Pradip</creator><creator>Jiang, Zhigang</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1507-2288</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2154-8588</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190320</creationdate><title>mtDNA analysis confirms the endangered Kashmir musk deer extends its range to Nepal</title><author>Singh, Paras Bikram ; 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Moschus
spp. are endemic to the high mountain forests of central Asia. The taxonomic status of musk deer in the central and western Himalayas is poorly understood. We investigated the phylogenetic relationship of musk deer from the central and western Himalayas based on mitochondrial genomic data of Cytochrome b (380 bps) and D-loop (1000 bps). Our results distinguished two divergent lineages using higher bootstrap support (bs) values from the Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities (bpp). Both the Manang and Kaski lineages from central Nepal are confirmed as Himalayan musk deer
Moschus leucogaster
and represent a species complex widespread throughout the central and eastern Himalayan region. The musk deer Mustang lineage was confirmed as Kashmir musk deer
Moschus cupreus
and has wide distribution in the western Himalayas (from central Nepal to Afghanistan). Our analysis validates that Kashmir musk deer is a genetically distinct species and it clarifies that Himalayan musk deer and Kashmir musk deer are confirmed instead of Alpine musk deer
Moschus chrysogaster
which has been previously described from the southern parts of Himalayas of Nepal, India and Pakistan.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>30894581</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-019-41167-4</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1507-2288</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2154-8588</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | PMC (PubMed Central); Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access |
subjects | 45 45/23 631/181/2480 631/208 Animal populations Animals Bayes Theorem Bayesian analysis Cameras Cytochrome Cytochrome b Cytochromes b - genetics Deer Deer - classification DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics Endangered Species Genetics, Population Habitats Haplotypes Humanities and Social Sciences Likelihood Functions Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Morphology Moschidae Moschus Mountain forests multidisciplinary Nepal Phylogenetics Phylogeny Poaching Science Science (multidisciplinary) Taxonomy Zoology |
title | mtDNA analysis confirms the endangered Kashmir musk deer extends its range to Nepal |
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