Osteoporotic Changes in the Periodontium Impair Alveolar Bone Healing

Osteoporosis is associated with decreased bone density and increased bone fragility, but how this disease affects alveolar bone healing is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which osteoporosis affects the jaw skeleton and then to evaluate possible mechanisms whereb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dental research 2019-04, Vol.98 (4), p.450-458
Main Authors: Arioka, M., Zhang, X., Li, Z., Tulu, U.S., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Yuan, X., Helms, J.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Alveolar bone
Alveolar Process
Animals
Atrophy
Bone density
Bone healing
Bones
Computed tomography
Data analysis
Dentistry
Genotype & phenotype
Homeostasis
Humans
Jaw
Mice
Middle age
Osteoporosis
Osteoprogenitor cells
Ovariectomy
Periodontal Ligament
Periodontium
Phenotypes
Research Reports
Skeleton
Transplants & implants
Wound Healing
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Summary:Osteoporosis is associated with decreased bone density and increased bone fragility, but how this disease affects alveolar bone healing is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which osteoporosis affects the jaw skeleton and then to evaluate possible mechanisms whereby an osteoporotic phenotype might affect the rate of alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction. Using an ovariectomized mouse model coupled with micro–computed tomographic imaging, histologic, molecular, and cellular assays, we first demonstrated that the appendicular and jaw skeletons both develop osteoporotic phenotypes. Next, we demonstrated that osteoporotic mice exhibit atrophy of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and that this atrophy was accompanied by a reduction in the pool of osteoprogenitor cells in the PDL. The paucity of PDL-derived osteoprogenitor cells in osteoporotic mice was associated with significantly slower extraction socket healing. Collectively, these analyses demonstrate that the jaw skeleton is susceptible to the untoward effects of osteoporosis that manifest as thinner, more porous alveolar bone, PDL thinning, and slower bone repair. These findings have potential clinical significance for older osteopenic patients undergoing reconstructive procedures.
ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/0022034518818456