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Cocaine Positivity in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A True or False Association

Every year, more than 500,000 US Emergency Department visits are associated with cocaine use. People who use cocaine tend to have a lower incidence of true ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). To identify the factors associated with true STEMI in patients with cocaine-positive (CPos) findings...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Permanente journal 2019, Vol.23 (2)
Main Authors: Ifedili, Ikechukwu, Bob-Manuel, Tamunoinemi, Kadire, Siri R, Heard, Britteny, John, Leah A, Zambetti, Benjamin, Heckle, Mark R, Thomas, Fridtjof, Haji, Showkat, Khouzam, Rami N, Reed, Guy L, Ibebuogu, Uzoma N
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Language:English
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Summary:Every year, more than 500,000 US Emergency Department visits are associated with cocaine use. People who use cocaine tend to have a lower incidence of true ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). To identify the factors associated with true STEMI in patients with cocaine-positive (CPos) findings. We retrospectively analyzed 1144 consecutive patients with STEMI between 2008 and 2013. True STEMI was defined as having a culprit lesion on coronary angiogram. Multivariate and univariate analyses were used to identify risk factors and create a predictive model. A total of 64 patients with suspected STEMI were CPos (mean age 53.1 ± 11.2 years; male = 80%). True STEMI was diagnosed in 34 patients. Patients with CPos true STEMI were more likely to be uninsured than those with false STEMI (61.8% vs 34.5%, p = 0.03) and have higher peak troponin levels (21.1 ng/mL vs 2.12 ng/mL, p = < 0.01) with no difference in mean age between the 2 groups (p = 0.24). In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of true STEMI in patients with CPos findings included age older than 65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 19.3, 95% confidence iterval [CI] = 1.2-318.3), lack of health insurance (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.2-19.6), and troponin level higher than 0.05 (OR = 24.0, 95% CI = 2.6-216.8) (all p < 0.05). A multivariate risk score created with a C-statistic of 82% (95% CI = 71-93) significantly improved the identification of patients with true STEMI. Among those with suspected STEMI, patients with CPos findings had a higher incidence of false STEMI. Older age, lack of health insurance, and troponin levels outside of defined limits were associated with true STEMI in this group.
ISSN:1552-5767
1552-5775
DOI:10.7812/TPP/18-048