Effect of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on driving as measured by a driving simulator

Rationale Gamma-hydroxybutyrate acid (GHB), a GABA B receptor agonist approved for treatment of narcolepsy, impairs driving ability, but little is known about doses and plasma concentrations associated with impairment and time course of recovery. Objective To assess effects of oral GHB (Xyrem®) upon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychopharmacology 2018-11, Vol.235 (11), p.3223-3232
Main Authors: Liakoni, Evangelia, Dempsey, Delia A., Meyers, Matthew, Murphy, Nancy G., Fiorentino, Dary, Havel, Christopher, Haller, Christine, Benowitz, Neal L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Anesthesia - administration & dosage
Adjuvants, Anesthesia - adverse effects
Adjuvants, Anesthesia - blood
Administration, Oral
Adult
Automobile driving
Automobile Driving - psychology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Blood
Computer Simulation
Cross-Over Studies
Crossovers
Deviation
Double-Blind Method
Double-blind studies
Driving ability
Driving Under the Influence - psychology
Female
Humans
Impairment
Male
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy - blood
Narcolepsy - drug therapy
Neurosciences
Original Investigation
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Position measurement
Psychiatry
Sleep disorders
Sodium Oxybate - administration & dosage
Sodium Oxybate - adverse effects
Sodium Oxybate - blood
Traffic accidents & safety
γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptors
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid
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Summary:Rationale Gamma-hydroxybutyrate acid (GHB), a GABA B receptor agonist approved for treatment of narcolepsy, impairs driving ability, but little is known about doses and plasma concentrations associated with impairment and time course of recovery. Objective To assess effects of oral GHB (Xyrem®) upon driving as measured by a driving simulator, and to determine plasma concentrations associated with impairment and the time course of recovery. Methods Randomized, double-blind, two-arm crossover study, during which 16 participants received GHB 50 mg/kg orally or placebo. GHB blood samples were collected prior to and at 1, 3, and 6 h post dosing. Driving simulator sessions occurred immediately after blood sampling. Results Plasma GHB was not detectable at baseline or 6 h post dosing. Median GHB concentrations at 1 and 3 h were 83.1 mg/L (range 54–110) and 24.4 mg/L (range 7.2–49.7), respectively. Compared to placebo, at 1 h post GHB dosing, significant differences were seen for the life-threatening outcome collisions ( p  
ISSN:0033-3158
1432-2072
DOI:10.1007/s00213-018-5025-2