Heterotopic Ossification: A Comprehensive Review

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a diverse pathologic process, defined as the formation of extraskeletal bone in muscle and soft tissues. HO can be conceptualized as a tissue repair process gone awry and is a common complication of trauma and surgery. This comprehensive review seeks to synthesize th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JBMR plus 2019-04, Vol.3 (4), p.e10172-e10172
Main Authors: Meyers, Carolyn, Lisiecki, Jeffrey, Miller, Sarah, Levin, Adam, Fayad, Laura, Ding, Catherine, Sono, Takashi, McCarthy, Edward, Levi, Benjamin, James, Aaron W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Bone growth
Bone surgery
Calcification
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Joint surgery
Musculoskeletal diseases
Musculoskeletal system
Mutation
Ossification (ectopic)
Review
Skin
Soft tissues
Spinal cord
Surgery
Tissue engineering
Trauma
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Description
Summary:Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a diverse pathologic process, defined as the formation of extraskeletal bone in muscle and soft tissues. HO can be conceptualized as a tissue repair process gone awry and is a common complication of trauma and surgery. This comprehensive review seeks to synthesize the clinical, pathoetiologic, and basic biologic features of HO, including nongenetic and genetic forms. First, the clinical features, radiographic appearance, histopathologic diagnosis, and current methods of treatment are discussed. Next, current concepts regarding the mechanistic bases for HO are discussed, including the putative cell types responsible for HO formation, the inflammatory milieu and other prerequisite "niche" factors for HO initiation and propagation, and currently available animal models for the study of HO of this common and potentially devastating condition. © 2019 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ISSN:2473-4039
2473-4039
DOI:10.1002/jbm4.10172