International normative data for paediatric foot posture assessment: a cross-sectional investigation

ObjectivesThe foot posture index (FPI) is an observational tool designed to measure the position of the foot. The objective of this study was to establish international reference data for foot posture across childhood, and influence of body mass index (BMI) on paediatric foot posture.DesignCross-sec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMJ open 2019-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e023341-e023341
Main Authors: Gijon-Nogueron, Gabriel, Martinez-Nova, Alfonso, Alfageme-Garcia, Pilar, Montes-Alguacil, Jesus, Evans, Angela Margaret
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Ankle
Anthropometry
Australia - epidemiology
Body Mass Index
Child
Child Development - physiology
Child, Preschool
Children & youth
Cross-Sectional Studies
Datasets
Female
Flatfoot - diagnosis
Flatfoot - epidemiology
Foot - physiology
Foot diseases
Health surveys
Humans
Male
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Paediatrics
Pediatrics
Posture
Range of Motion, Articular
Reference Values
Spain - epidemiology
United Kingdom - epidemiology
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Summary:ObjectivesThe foot posture index (FPI) is an observational tool designed to measure the position of the foot. The objective of this study was to establish international reference data for foot posture across childhood, and influence of body mass index (BMI) on paediatric foot posture.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThe dataset comprised 3217 healthy children, aged from 3 to 15 years. Contributing data were acquired from Spain, UK and Australia.InterventionsFoot posture was described by means and z-score of the FPI and the height and weight of each subject was measured and the BMI was calculated.ResultsThe foot posture of 3217 children were reviewed. A pronated (FPI ≥+6) foot posture was found in 960 (29.8%) children, a normal (FPI 0 to +6) foot posture in 1776 (55.2%) and a highly pronated (FPI +10) foot posture was found in 127 children (3.9%) (range −4 to +12 FPI). Less than 11% were found to have a supinated foot type (n=354). Approximately 20% of children were overweight/obese, but correlation between BMI and FPI was weak and inverse (r=−0.066, p
ISSN:2044-6055
2044-6055
DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023341