Sources of Stress Among Midwest American Indian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: American Indian and Alaska native mental health research 2019, Vol.26 (1), p.33-62
• Main Authors: Elm, Jessica H L, Walls, Melissa L, Aronson, Benjamin D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Community-Based Participatory Research; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - psychology; Female; Focus Groups; Genocide - psychology; Humans; Indians, North American - psychology; Male; Poverty - psychology; Qualitative Research; Stress, Psychological - etiology; Stress, Psychological - psychology
• ISSN: 0893-5394; 1533-7731
• DOI: 10.5820/aian.2601.2019.33

Despite alarming health disparities among American Indians (AIs) and acknowledgement that stressors negatively influence health, conceptualization of the full spectrum of stressors that impact Indigenous communities is underdeveloped. To address this gap, we analyze focus group transcripts of AI adults with type 2 diabetes from five tribal communities and classify stressors using an inductive/deductive analytical approach. A Continuum of American Indian Stressor Model was constructed from categorization of nineteen stressor categories within four domains. We further identified poverty, genocide, and colonization as fundamental causes of contemporary stress and health outcomes for AIs and conclude that stressors are generally experienced as chronic, regardless of the duration of the stressor. This work on AI-specific stressors informs future health research on the stress burden in AI communities and identifies target points for intervention and health promotion.