HIV and the Gut Microbiota: Composition, Consequences, and Avenues for Amelioration

Purpose of Review We discuss recent advances in understanding of gut bacterial microbiota composition in HIV-infected subjects and comment on controversies. We discuss the putative effects of microbiota shifts on systemic inflammation and HIV disease progression and potential mechanisms, as well as...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current HIV/AIDS reports 2019-06, Vol.16 (3), p.204-213
Main Authors: Vujkovic-Cvijin, Ivan, Somsouk, Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiretroviral drugs
Bacteria - classification
Bacteria - immunology
Disease
Disease Progression
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Fecal microflora
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
HIV
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immunomodulation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammatory diseases
Intestinal microflora
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Microbiota
Phages
Probiotics
Section Editors
Topical Collection on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment
Transplantation
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Purpose of Review We discuss recent advances in understanding of gut bacterial microbiota composition in HIV-infected subjects and comment on controversies. We discuss the putative effects of microbiota shifts on systemic inflammation and HIV disease progression and potential mechanisms, as well as ongoing strategies being developed to modulate the gut microbiota in humans for amelioration of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Recent Findings Lifestyle and behavioral factors relevant to HIV infection studies have independent effects on the microbiota. Microbial metabolism of immunomodulatory compounds and direct immune stimulation by translocation of microbes are putative mechanisms contributing to HIV disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation, microbial enzyme inhibition, phage therapy, and rationally selected probiotic cocktails have emerged as promising strategies for microbiota modulation. Summary Numerous surveys of the HIV gut microbiota matched for lifestyle factors suggest consistent shifts in gut microbiota composition among HIV-infected subjects. Evidence exists for a complex pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in HIV disease progression, warranting further study.
ISSN:1548-3568
1548-3576
DOI:10.1007/s11904-019-00441-w