No association between abdominal pain and Dientamoeba in Dutch and Belgian children

• Published in: Archives of disease in childhood 2019-07, Vol.104 (7), p.686-689
• Main Authors: Brands, Martijn Ramon, Van de Vijver, Els, Haisma, Sjoukje Marije, Heida, Anke, van Rheenen, Patrick Ferry
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abdomen; Abdominal Pain - etiology; Adolescent; Belgium - epidemiology; Case Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Chronic pain; Cohort Studies; Colonization; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diarrhea; Dientamoeba - genetics; Dientamoeba - isolation & purification; Dientamoebiasis - complications; Dientamoebiasis - diagnosis; Dientamoebiasis - epidemiology; Dientamoebiasis - parasitology; E coli; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Feces - parasitology; Female; Gastrointestinal diseases; Humans; Irritable bowel syndrome; Laboratories; Male; Methods; Netherlands - epidemiology; Neutrophils; Original; Pain; Parasites; Pediatrics; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0003-9888; 1468-2044; 1468-2044
• DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316383

ObjectiveTo study the association between Dientamoebafragilis colonisation and faecal calprotectin to see whether the parasite is a harmless commensal or a gut pathogen.DesignCross-sectional study of previously collected stool samples.Setting and patientsTwo hundred stool samples originated from children aged 5–19 years with chronic abdominal pain and diarrhoea, who were seen in paediatric clinics in the Netherlands and Belgium and in whom somatic gastrointestinal disorders were excluded. Another 122 samples came from a healthy community-based reference population of the same age. All stool samples were analysed with real-time PCR for the detection of D. fragilis and with an ELISA for calprotectin—a biomarker of gastrointestinal inflammation.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of D. fragilis colonisation and results of stool calprotectin testing.Results D. fragilis was detected in 45% (95% CI 38% to 51%) of patients and in 71% (95% CI 63% to 79%) of healthy children. Median (IQR) concentrations of calprotectin in patients and healthy children with a positive PCR result were not different from those with a negative PCR result (40 (40–55) μg/g vs 40 (40–75) μg/g, respectively).ConclusionSince D. fragilis colonisation is most prevalent in healthy children and is not associated with an increase in faecal calprotectin concentration, our data do not support the inference that D. fragilis is a pathogenic parasite. Routinely testing for D. fragilis in children with chronic abdominal pain should therefore be discouraged.