Potential Protective Effect of Achillea fragrantissima against Adriamycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats via an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathway

• Published in: BioMed research international 2019, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-10
• Main Authors: Althaiban, Maha A., Aljehany, Buthaina M., Jambi, Hanan A., Hijazi, Maha A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Achillea; Achillea - chemistry; Animals; Anthracycline; Anthracyclines; Anti-inflammatory drugs; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Apoptosis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - drug therapy; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - pathology; Biomedical research; Cardiomyocytes; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiotoxicity - drug therapy; Cardiotoxicity - etiology; Cardiotoxicity - pathology; Chemotherapy; Constituents; Creatine; Creatine kinase; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Doxorubicin - toxicity; Drug dosages; EKG; Electrocardiogram; Electrocardiography; Flavonoids; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Heart; Heart - drug effects; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Inflammation - chemically induced; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammation - pathology; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 6; Interleukins; Kinases; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Metabolic pathways; Metabolism; Oxidative stress; Peroxidase; Pharmaceuticals; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Rats; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Thiobarbituric acid; Toxicology; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Tumors
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2019/5269074

Adriamycin (Adr) is a cytotoxic anthracycline agent that is utilized to manage many types of tumors, but its clinical use is undesirable due to severe cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima) against Adr-induced cardiotoxicity through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory metabolic pathways. A single dose of Adr was injected in rats to induce cardiotoxicity. Rats are divided into 5 groups, control, A. fragrantissima 800, Adr, A. fragrantissima 400 + Adr, and A. fragrantissima 800 + Adr. 72 h after Adr administration, electrocardiographic (ECG) study was performed for all rats. Serum and hearts were then collected for biochemical and histopathological studies. A. fragrantissima ameliorated Adr-induced ST-segment elevation. It reduced Adr-induced elevation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. It also protected against Adr-induced histopathological changes. Pretreatment with the extract increased heart tissue contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that it is rich in phenolic and flavonoid active constituents. The results of this study revealed that A. fragrantissima extract ameliorates Adr-induced cardiotoxicity via an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies are warranted in order to recognize the precise active constituents of this natural extract which are responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.