Sunscreen or simulated sweat minimizes the impact of acute ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous microvascular function in healthy humans

• Published in: Experimental physiology 2019-07, Vol.104 (7), p.1136-1146
• Main Authors: Wolf, S. Tony, Berry, Craig W., Stanhewicz, Anna E., Kenney, Lauren E., Ferguson, Sara B., Kenney, W. Larry
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Conductance; Doppler effect; endothelial function; Erythema; Forearm; Inflammation; Microdialysis; Microvasculature; nitric oxide; Skin; sun safety; Sunscreen; Sweat; Ultraviolet radiation; Vasodilation
• ISSN: 0958-0670; 1469-445X
• DOI: 10.1113/EP087688

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Are ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced increases in skin blood flow independent of skin erythema? Does broad‐spectrum UVR exposure attenuate NO‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation, and does sunscreen or sweat modulate this response? What are the main findings and their importance? Erythema and vascular responses to UVR are temporally distinct, and sunscreen prevents both responses. Exposure to UVR attenuates NO‐mediated vasodilatation in the cutaneous microvasculature; sunscreen or simulated sweat on the skin attenuates this response. Sun over‐exposure may elicit deleterious effects on human skin that are separate from sunburn, and sunscreen or sweat on the skin may provide protection. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may result in cutaneous vascular dysfunction independent of erythema (skin reddening). Two studies were designed to differentiate changes in erythema from skin vasodilatation throughout the 8 h after acute broad‐spectrum UVR exposure with (+SS) or without SPF‐50 sunscreen (study 1) and to examine NO‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation after acute broad‐spectrum UVR exposure with or without +SS or simulated sweat (+SW) on the skin (study 2). In both studies, laser‐Doppler flowmetry was used to measure red cell flux, and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated (CVC = flux/mean arterial pressure). In study 1, in 14 healthy adults (24 ± 4 years old; seven men and seven women), the skin erythema index and CVC were measured over two forearm sites (UVR only and UVR+SS) before, immediately after and every 2 h for 8 h post‐exposure (750 mJ cm−2). The erythema index began to increase immediately post‐UVR (P