Chemical Vapor Deposition of Organic-Inorganic Bismuth-Based Perovskite Films for Solar Cell Application

Perovskite solar cells have shown a rapid increase of performance and overcome the threshold of 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The main issues hampering commercialization are the lack of deposition methods for large areas, missing long-term device stability and the toxicity of the commonly u...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2019-07, Vol.9 (1), p.9774-8, Article 9774
Main Authors: Sanders, S., Stümmler, D., Pfeiffer, P., Ackermann, N., Simkus, G., Heuken, M., Baumann, P. K., Vescan, A., Kalisch, H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/301/1005/1007
639/301/299/946
639/4077/909/4101/4096/946
639/766/930/1032
Bismuth
Chemical vapor deposition
Crystals
Humanities and Social Sciences
Iodides
Morphology
multidisciplinary
Photovoltaic cells
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Solar cells
Toxicity
Vapors
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Summary:Perovskite solar cells have shown a rapid increase of performance and overcome the threshold of 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The main issues hampering commercialization are the lack of deposition methods for large areas, missing long-term device stability and the toxicity of the commonly used Pb-based compounds. In this work, we present a novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for Pb-free air-stable methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI) layers, which enables large-area production employing close-coupled showerhead technology. We demonstrate the influence of precursor rates on the layer morphology as well as on the optical and crystallographic properties. The impact of substrate temperature and layer thickness on the morphology of MBI crystallites is discussed. We obtain smooth layers with lateral crystallite sizes up to 500 nm. Moreover, the application of CVD-processed MBI layers in non-inverted perovskite solar cells is presented.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-46199-4