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Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan
Purpose We address the significant gaps in knowledge of prevalence and correlates of child mental health (CMH) problems outside of high income countries. We describe the prevalence of CMH problems and their correlates with a focus on the association with maternal depression in a sample of seven-year...
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| Published in: | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2016-01, Vol.51 (1), p.49-62 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c607t-33fc705ea4fe9340ac783eca2f18c056b927aadeb043d033591b40b597a79daf3 |
| container_end_page | 62 |
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| container_title | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology |
| container_volume | 51 |
| creator | Maselko, Joanna Sikander, Siham Bangash, Omer Bhalotra, Sonia Franz, Lauren Ganga, Nima Rajan, Divya Guru O’Donnell, Karen Rahman, Atif |
| description | Purpose
We address the significant gaps in knowledge of prevalence and correlates of child mental health (CMH) problems outside of high income countries. We describe the prevalence of CMH problems and their correlates with a focus on the association with maternal depression in a sample of seven-year-old children in rural Pakistan.
Methods
This study was nested in a long-term follow-up of a perinatal depression intervention together with a reference group of non-depressed women, yielding a population representative sample. The Total Difficulties (TD) and component scores of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Results
The mean SDQ TD score was 10.6 (standard deviation = 8.3), with 12.5 % of children categorized as “abnormal” using standard cutoffs. Boys had a roughly 1 point higher (worse) SDQ TD score than girls (
p
value = 0.04). Children of mothers who were depressed prenatally as well as currently had SDQ TD scores 2.87 points higher than children whose mothers were not depressed at either time point (
p
value |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00127-015-1143-x |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6658413</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A716448774</galeid><sourcerecordid>A716448774</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c607t-33fc705ea4fe9340ac783eca2f18c056b927aadeb043d033591b40b597a79daf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3BBkbhwSbHjr_gCqlZQkCrBAc7WxJlsXLL2Ymer9t_jaNtVi0A-jD1-5rVnXkJeM3rGKNXvM6Ws0TVlsmZM8PrmCVmVyGvTtPIpWVFT9tpIcUJe5HxFKeVG8-fkpFFSMW7aFfm4Hv3UV1sMM0zViDDNYwWhZGDGFEqux13CnH0M1ejzHNNt5UP1HX6VA4SX5NkAU8ZXd_GU_Pz86cf6S3357eLr-vyydorqueZ8cJpKBDGg4YKC0y1HB83AWkel6kyjAXrsqOA95Vwa1gnaSaNBmx4Gfko-HHR3-26LvSv_TTDZXfJbSLc2grePb4If7SZeW6VkKxgvAu_uBFL8vcc8263PDqcJAsZ9tkyrMi7GWlXQt3-hV3G_zGKhZKuY1gU9UhuY0PowxPKuW0TtuWZKiFZrUaizf1Bl9bj1LgYcfMk_KmCHApdizgmHY4-M2sV1e3DdFtft4rq9KTVvHg7nWHFvcwGaA5DLVdhgetDRf1X_ALcwtv8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1758617709</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Maselko, Joanna ; Sikander, Siham ; Bangash, Omer ; Bhalotra, Sonia ; Franz, Lauren ; Ganga, Nima ; Rajan, Divya Guru ; O’Donnell, Karen ; Rahman, Atif</creator><creatorcontrib>Maselko, Joanna ; Sikander, Siham ; Bangash, Omer ; Bhalotra, Sonia ; Franz, Lauren ; Ganga, Nima ; Rajan, Divya Guru ; O’Donnell, Karen ; Rahman, Atif</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
We address the significant gaps in knowledge of prevalence and correlates of child mental health (CMH) problems outside of high income countries. We describe the prevalence of CMH problems and their correlates with a focus on the association with maternal depression in a sample of seven-year-old children in rural Pakistan.
Methods
This study was nested in a long-term follow-up of a perinatal depression intervention together with a reference group of non-depressed women, yielding a population representative sample. The Total Difficulties (TD) and component scores of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Results
The mean SDQ TD score was 10.6 (standard deviation = 8.3), with 12.5 % of children categorized as “abnormal” using standard cutoffs. Boys had a roughly 1 point higher (worse) SDQ TD score than girls (
p
value = 0.04). Children of mothers who were depressed prenatally as well as currently had SDQ TD scores 2.87 points higher than children whose mothers were not depressed at either time point (
p
value < 0.01). This association was stronger for boys. There was no evidence of elevated SDQ TD score among children whose mothers were depressed only prenatally or only currently. Some deviations from this pattern were observed with specific components of the SDQ.
Conclusions
In this low resource, South Asian setting, we found evidence of elevated levels of emotional and behavioral problems, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Given the strong association of CMH with maternal depression, any intervention efforts should give strong consideration to maternal mental health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0933-7954</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-9285</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1143-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26561398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adult ; Child ; Child & adolescent mental health ; Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data ; Depression, Mental ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intervention ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Mothers - statistics & numerical data ; Original Paper ; Pakistan - epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Psychiatry ; Psychological aspects ; Questionnaires ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2016-01, Vol.51 (1), p.49-62</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c607t-33fc705ea4fe9340ac783eca2f18c056b927aadeb043d033591b40b597a79daf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c607t-33fc705ea4fe9340ac783eca2f18c056b927aadeb043d033591b40b597a79daf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26561398$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maselko, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sikander, Siham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bangash, Omer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhalotra, Sonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganga, Nima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajan, Divya Guru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Donnell, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Atif</creatorcontrib><title>Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan</title><title>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</title><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Purpose
We address the significant gaps in knowledge of prevalence and correlates of child mental health (CMH) problems outside of high income countries. We describe the prevalence of CMH problems and their correlates with a focus on the association with maternal depression in a sample of seven-year-old children in rural Pakistan.
Methods
This study was nested in a long-term follow-up of a perinatal depression intervention together with a reference group of non-depressed women, yielding a population representative sample. The Total Difficulties (TD) and component scores of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Results
The mean SDQ TD score was 10.6 (standard deviation = 8.3), with 12.5 % of children categorized as “abnormal” using standard cutoffs. Boys had a roughly 1 point higher (worse) SDQ TD score than girls (
p
value = 0.04). Children of mothers who were depressed prenatally as well as currently had SDQ TD scores 2.87 points higher than children whose mothers were not depressed at either time point (
p
value < 0.01). This association was stronger for boys. There was no evidence of elevated SDQ TD score among children whose mothers were depressed only prenatally or only currently. Some deviations from this pattern were observed with specific components of the SDQ.
Conclusions
In this low resource, South Asian setting, we found evidence of elevated levels of emotional and behavioral problems, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Given the strong association of CMH with maternal depression, any intervention efforts should give strong consideration to maternal mental health.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child & adolescent mental health</subject><subject>Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Depression, Mental</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mothers - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Pakistan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><issn>0933-7954</issn><issn>1433-9285</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3BBkbhwSbHjr_gCqlZQkCrBAc7WxJlsXLL2Ymer9t_jaNtVi0A-jD1-5rVnXkJeM3rGKNXvM6Ws0TVlsmZM8PrmCVmVyGvTtPIpWVFT9tpIcUJe5HxFKeVG8-fkpFFSMW7aFfm4Hv3UV1sMM0zViDDNYwWhZGDGFEqux13CnH0M1ejzHNNt5UP1HX6VA4SX5NkAU8ZXd_GU_Pz86cf6S3357eLr-vyydorqueZ8cJpKBDGg4YKC0y1HB83AWkel6kyjAXrsqOA95Vwa1gnaSaNBmx4Gfko-HHR3-26LvSv_TTDZXfJbSLc2grePb4If7SZeW6VkKxgvAu_uBFL8vcc8263PDqcJAsZ9tkyrMi7GWlXQt3-hV3G_zGKhZKuY1gU9UhuY0PowxPKuW0TtuWZKiFZrUaizf1Bl9bj1LgYcfMk_KmCHApdizgmHY4-M2sV1e3DdFtft4rq9KTVvHg7nWHFvcwGaA5DLVdhgetDRf1X_ALcwtv8</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>Maselko, Joanna</creator><creator>Sikander, Siham</creator><creator>Bangash, Omer</creator><creator>Bhalotra, Sonia</creator><creator>Franz, Lauren</creator><creator>Ganga, Nima</creator><creator>Rajan, Divya Guru</creator><creator>O’Donnell, Karen</creator><creator>Rahman, Atif</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan</title><author>Maselko, Joanna ; Sikander, Siham ; Bangash, Omer ; Bhalotra, Sonia ; Franz, Lauren ; Ganga, Nima ; Rajan, Divya Guru ; O’Donnell, Karen ; Rahman, Atif</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c607t-33fc705ea4fe9340ac783eca2f18c056b927aadeb043d033591b40b597a79daf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child & adolescent mental health</topic><topic>Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Depression, Mental</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Mothers - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Pakistan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maselko, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sikander, Siham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bangash, Omer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhalotra, Sonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Lauren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganga, Nima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajan, Divya Guru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Donnell, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Atif</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maselko, Joanna</au><au>Sikander, Siham</au><au>Bangash, Omer</au><au>Bhalotra, Sonia</au><au>Franz, Lauren</au><au>Ganga, Nima</au><au>Rajan, Divya Guru</au><au>O’Donnell, Karen</au><au>Rahman, Atif</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2016-01-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>49</spage><epage>62</epage><pages>49-62</pages><issn>0933-7954</issn><eissn>1433-9285</eissn><abstract>Purpose
We address the significant gaps in knowledge of prevalence and correlates of child mental health (CMH) problems outside of high income countries. We describe the prevalence of CMH problems and their correlates with a focus on the association with maternal depression in a sample of seven-year-old children in rural Pakistan.
Methods
This study was nested in a long-term follow-up of a perinatal depression intervention together with a reference group of non-depressed women, yielding a population representative sample. The Total Difficulties (TD) and component scores of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Results
The mean SDQ TD score was 10.6 (standard deviation = 8.3), with 12.5 % of children categorized as “abnormal” using standard cutoffs. Boys had a roughly 1 point higher (worse) SDQ TD score than girls (
p
value = 0.04). Children of mothers who were depressed prenatally as well as currently had SDQ TD scores 2.87 points higher than children whose mothers were not depressed at either time point (
p
value < 0.01). This association was stronger for boys. There was no evidence of elevated SDQ TD score among children whose mothers were depressed only prenatally or only currently. Some deviations from this pattern were observed with specific components of the SDQ.
Conclusions
In this low resource, South Asian setting, we found evidence of elevated levels of emotional and behavioral problems, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Given the strong association of CMH with maternal depression, any intervention efforts should give strong consideration to maternal mental health.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>26561398</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00127-015-1143-x</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2016-01, Vol.51 (1), p.49-62 |
| issn | 0933-7954 1433-9285 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Adult Child Child & adolescent mental health Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data Depression, Mental Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Epidemiology Female Humans Intervention Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mental depression Mental health Mothers - statistics & numerical data Original Paper Pakistan - epidemiology Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology Prevalence Psychiatry Psychological aspects Questionnaires Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | Child mental health and maternal depression history in Pakistan |
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