Making and breaking heme

[Display omitted] •Pathways for heme biosynthesis and degradation are not universally conserved.•Pathway diversification may have been both ecologically and biologically driven.•Unique molecules from each pathway may serve as therapeutic targets or biomarkers. Mechanisms for making and breaking the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in structural biology 2019-12, Vol.59, p.19-28
Main Authors: Celis, Arianna I., DuBois, Jennifer L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Binding Sites
Catalytic Domain
Heme - chemistry
Heme - metabolism
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Models, Molecular
Molecular Conformation
Molecular Structure
Oxidation-Reduction
Protein Binding
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
Sensitivity and Specificity
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Pathways for heme biosynthesis and degradation are not universally conserved.•Pathway diversification may have been both ecologically and biologically driven.•Unique molecules from each pathway may serve as therapeutic targets or biomarkers. Mechanisms for making and breaking the heme b cofactor (heme) are more diverse than previously expected. Biosynthetic pathways have diverged at least twice along taxonomic lines, reflecting differences in membrane organization and O2 utilization among major groups of organisms. At least three families of heme degradases are now known, again differing in whether and how O2 is used by the organism and possibly the purpose for turning over the tetrapyrrole. Understanding these enzymes and pathways offers a handle for antimicrobial development and for monitoring heme use in organismal and ecological systems.
ISSN:0959-440X
1879-033X
DOI:10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.006