Extensive Chromosomal Reorganization in Apistogramma Fishes (Cichlidae, Cichlinae) Fits the Complex Evolutionary Diversification of the Genus

Neotropical cichlid fishes are one of the most diversified and evolutionarily successful species assemblages. Extremely similar forms and intraspecific polychromatism present challenges for the taxonomy of some of these groups. Several species complexes have a largely unknown origin and unresolved e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2019-08, Vol.20 (17), p.4077
Main Authors: Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa, Gideão, de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo, Liehr, Thomas, Feldberg, Eliana, Antonio Carlos Bertollo, Luiz, Franco Molina, Wagner
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biodiversity
Chromosome rearrangements
Chromosome translocations
Chromosomes
Cichlidae
Cichlids
Diploids
DNA, Ribosomal - genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Interspecific
Inversions
Karyotype
Karyotypes
Morphology
Phylogenetics
Recombination
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid - genetics
Speciation
Taxonomy
Trends
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Summary:Neotropical cichlid fishes are one of the most diversified and evolutionarily successful species assemblages. Extremely similar forms and intraspecific polychromatism present challenges for the taxonomy of some of these groups. Several species complexes have a largely unknown origin and unresolved evolutionary processes. Dwarf cichlids of the genus , comprising more than a hundred species, exhibit intricate taxonomic and biogeographic patterns, with both allopatric and sympatric distributions. However, karyotype evolution and the role of chromosomal changes in are still unknown. In the present study, nine South American species were analyzed using conventional cytogenetic methods and the mapping of repetitive DNA sequences [18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and (TTAGGG)n] by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our results showed that has unique cytogenetic characteristics in relation to closely related groups, such as a reduced 2n and a large number of bi-armed chromosomes. Interspecific patterns revealed a scenario of remarkable karyotypic changes, including a reduction of 2n, the occurrence of B-chromosomes and evolutionary dynamic of rDNA tandem repeats. In addition to the well-known pre-zygotic reproductive isolation, the karyotype reorganization in the genus suggests that chromosomal changes could act as postzygotic barriers in areas where congeners overlap.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms20174077