The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that, if left untreated, will often progress to greater metabolic defects such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While these risk factors have been established for over 40 years, the definition of MetS warrants r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of clinical investigation 2019-10, Vol.129 (10), p.4050-4057
Main Authors: Dabke, Kruttika, Hendrick, Gustaf, Devkota, Suzanne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Bile acids
Biomedical research
Circadian rhythms
Defects
Deoxycholic acid
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Digestive system
Fatty liver
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal tract
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Liver
Liver diseases
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolites
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Obesity
Review Series
Risk factors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that, if left untreated, will often progress to greater metabolic defects such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While these risk factors have been established for over 40 years, the definition of MetS warrants reconsideration in light of the substantial data that have emerged from studies of the gut microbiome. In this Review we present the existing recent literature that supports the gut microbiome's potential influence on the various risk factors of MetS. The interplay of the intestinal microbiota with host metabolism has been shown to be mediated by a myriad of factors, including a defective gut barrier, bile acid metabolism, antibiotic use, and the pleiotropic effects of microbially produced metabolites. These data show that events that start in the gut, often in response to external cues such as diet and circadian disruption, have far-reaching effects beyond the gut.
ISSN:0021-9738
1558-8238
DOI:10.1172/JCI129194