The gut virome in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: From metagenomics to novel therapeutic approaches

Summary The association of intestinal dysbiosis with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease has been well established. Besides bacteria, microbiota comprises yeasts, archaea, protists and viruses, neglected actors in inflammatory bowel disease-associated microbiota. In the past, a great limi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:United European Gastroenterology Journal 2019-10, Vol.7 (8), p.999-1007
Main Authors: Ungaro, Federica, Massimino, Luca, D’Alessio, Silvia, Danese, Silvio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria - classification
Caliciviridae Infections - complications
Computational Biology - methods
Dysbiosis - complications
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - methods
Humans
Inflammation - virology
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - etiology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - therapy
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - virology
Intestines - virology
metagenomics
Metagenomics - methods
microbiota
Microbiota - genetics
Models, Animal
Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods
next-generation sequencing
Norovirus - genetics
Phylogeny
Review
virome
Viruses - genetics
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Summary:Summary The association of intestinal dysbiosis with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease has been well established. Besides bacteria, microbiota comprises yeasts, archaea, protists and viruses, neglected actors in inflammatory bowel disease-associated microbiota. In the past, a great limitation in studying microbiota composition was the low sensitivity of sequencing technologies and that few computational approaches were sufficient to thoroughly analyse the whole microbiome. However, new cutting-edge technologies in nucleic acid sequencing, -omics analysis and the innovative statistics and bioinformatics pipelines made possible more sensitive and accurate metagenomics, ultimately identifying novel players in intestinal inflammation, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses, that together form the gut virome. The discovery of peculiar inflammatory bowel disease-associated microbial strains will not only shed new light on inflammatory bowel disease aetiogenesis, they may also support the development of novel therapeutic strategies not merely treating symptoms, but precisely counteracting the primary cause of chronic intestinal inflammation.
ISSN:2050-6406
2050-6414
DOI:10.1177/2050640619876787