Nanotechnology based therapeutic application in cancer diagnosis and therapy

Due to the lack of early diagnosis, cancer remains as one of the leading cause of human mortality. Inability to translate research into clinical trials and also inability of chemotherapeutics delivery to targeted tumor sites are major drawbacks in cancer therapeutics. With the emergence of nanomedic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:3 Biotech 2019-11, Vol.9 (11), p.1-29, Article 415
Main Author: Singh, Ragini
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Biocompatibility
Bioinformatics
Biomaterials
Biomonitoring
Biotechnology
Cancer
Cancer Research
Cancer therapies
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Clinical trials
Colorimetry
Computed tomography
Conjugation
Diagnosis
Diagnostic software
Diagnostic systems
Drug delivery
Drugs
Enzymatic activity
Fluorescence
Gold
Iron oxides
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Photodynamic therapy
Quantum dots
Review
Review Article
Stem Cells
Upconversion
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Summary:Due to the lack of early diagnosis, cancer remains as one of the leading cause of human mortality. Inability to translate research into clinical trials and also inability of chemotherapeutics delivery to targeted tumor sites are major drawbacks in cancer therapeutics. With the emergence of nanomedicine, several nanoprobes (conjugated with targeting ligands and chemotherapeutic drugs) are developed. It can interact with biological system and thus sense and monitor the biological events with high efficiency and accuracy along with therapy application. Nanoparticles like gold and iron oxide are frequently used in the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging applications, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic activity of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles enables the visible colorimetric diagnostic of cancer cells, whereas, fluorescence property of quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles helps in in vivo imaging application. Other than this, drug conjugation with nanoparticles also reduces the systemic toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Due to their several unique intrinsic properties, nanoparticles itself can also be employed as therapeutics in cancer treatment by photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, the main focus of this review is to emphasize on current progress in diagnostic and therapeutic application of nanoprobes in cancer.
ISSN:2190-572X
2190-5738
DOI:10.1007/s13205-019-1940-0