Poly (glycerol adipate) (PGA), an Enzymatically Synthesized Functionalizable Polyester and Versatile Drug Delivery Carrier: A Literature Update

The enzymatically synthesized poly (glycerol adipate) (PGA) has demonstrated all the desirable key properties required from a performing biomaterial to be considered a versatile “polymeric-tool” in the broad field of drug delivery. The step-growth polymerization pathway catalyzed by lipase generates...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2019-09, Vol.11 (10), p.1561
Main Authors: Swainson, Sadie M.E., Styliari, Ioanna D., Taresco, Vincenzo, Garnett, Martin C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Biodegradability
Biomedical materials
Chemical properties
Chemical synthesis
Condensation polymerization
Conjugation
Contact angle
Copolymers
Efficiency
Fatty acids
Glycerol
Hydroxyl groups
Investigations
Macromolecules
Molecular weight
Nanoparticles
Particle size
Physical properties
Polymerization
Polymers
Reagents
Review
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Summary:The enzymatically synthesized poly (glycerol adipate) (PGA) has demonstrated all the desirable key properties required from a performing biomaterial to be considered a versatile “polymeric-tool” in the broad field of drug delivery. The step-growth polymerization pathway catalyzed by lipase generates a highly functionalizable platform while avoiding tedious steps of protection and deprotection. Synthesis requires only minor purification steps and uses cheap and readily available reagents. The final polymeric material is biodegradable, biocompatible and intrinsically amphiphilic, with a good propensity to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs). The free hydroxyl group lends itself to a variety of chemical derivatizations via simple reaction pathways which alter its physico-chemical properties with a possibility to generate an endless number of possible active macromolecules. The present work aims to summarize the available literature about PGA synthesis, architecture alterations, chemical modifications and its application in drug and gene delivery as a versatile carrier. Following on from this, the evolution of the concept of enzymatically-degradable PGA-drug conjugation has been explored, reporting recent examples in the literature.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym11101561