Range of Motion and Sticking Region Effects on the Bench Press Load-Velocity Relationship

• Published in: Journal of sports science & medicine 2019-12, Vol.18 (4), p.645-652
• Main Authors: Martínez-Cava, Alejandro, Morán-Navarro, Ricardo, Hernández-Belmonte, Alejandro, Courel-Ibáñez, Javier, Conesa-Ros, Elena, González-Badillo, Juan José, Pallarés, Jesús G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Exercise; Gravity; Humans; Load; Male; Muscle Strength - physiology; Range of motion; Range of Motion, Articular; Resistance Training - methods; Strength training; Time; Upper Extremity - physiology; Velocity; Weight Lifting - physiology; Weight training; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1303-2968; 1303-2968

This study aimed to analyze the influence of range of motion (ROM) on main biomechanical parameters of the bench press (BP) exercise: i) load-velocity relationship by mean (MV) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV), ii) one-repetition maximum strength (1RM); iii) contribution of the propulsive and braking phases, and iv) presence of the sticking region key parameters (first peak barbell velocity: V , minimum velocity: V and second peak barbell velocity: V ). Forty-two strength-trained males performed a progressive loading test, starting at 20 kg and gradually increasing the load in 10 kg until MPV ≤ 0.50 m·s and 5 down to 2.5 kg until 1RM, in three different ROMs: full ROM (BP ), two-thirds (BP ) and one-third (BP ). While significant differences were detected in the velocity attained against loads between 30-95% 1RM (BP , BP and BP , p < 0.05), both MV and MPV showed a very close relationship to %1RM for the three BP variations (R = 0.935-0.966). The contribution of the braking phase decreased progressively until it completely disappeared at the 80%, 95% and 100% 1RM loads in BP , BP and BP , respectively. The 1RM increased as the ROM decreased (BP < BP < BP , p < 0.05). Despite the three biomechanical parameters that define the sticking region on the velocity-time curves were only observed in BP variation, in 54.5% of the cases the subjects started their BP displacement before reaching the position at which the V occurs in their BP exercise. The complete or partial presence of the sticking region during the concentric action of the lift seems to underlie the differences in the 1RM strength, load-velocity profiles and the contribution of the propulsive phase in the BP exercise at different ROMs.