Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide Can Be Used as a Biomarker of Habitual Alcohol Consumption in the General Population

Alcohol consumption is a frequently studied risk factor for chronic diseases, but many studies are hampered by self-report of alcohol consumption. The urinary metabolite ethyl glucuronide (EtG), reflecting alcohol consumption during the past 72 h, is a promising objective marker, but population data...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of nutrition 2019-12, Vol.149 (12), p.2199-2205
Main Authors: van de Luitgaarden, Inge A T, Beulens, Joline W J, Schrieks, Ilse C, Kieneker, Lyanne M, Touw, Daan J, van Ballegooijen, Adriana J, van Oort, Sabine, Grobbee, Diederick E, Bakker, Stephan J L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Alanine
Alanine transaminase
Alcohol Drinking
Alcohol use
Alcohols
Amino acids
Aspartate aminotransferase
biomarker
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - urine
Categories
Cholesterol
Editor's Choice
End-stage renal disease
Energy consumption
Erythrocytes
ethyl glucuronide
Female
general population
Glucuronates - urine
habitual alcohol consumption
Health risks
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Kidney diseases
Male
Metabolites
Middle Aged
Nutritional Epidemiology
Polyvinyl alcohol
Regression analysis
Reliability analysis
Renal function
Risk analysis
Risk factors
self-report
Sensitivity
Urine
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Summary:Alcohol consumption is a frequently studied risk factor for chronic diseases, but many studies are hampered by self-report of alcohol consumption. The urinary metabolite ethyl glucuronide (EtG), reflecting alcohol consumption during the past 72 h, is a promising objective marker, but population data are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of EtG as a marker for habitual alcohol consumption compared with self-report and other biomarkers in the general population. Among 6211 participants in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort, EtG concentrations were measured in 24-h urine samples. EtG was considered positive when concentrations were ≥100 ng/mL. Habitual alcohol consumption was self-reported by questionnaire (categories: no/almost never, 1–4 units per month, 2–7 units per week, 1–3 units per day or ≥4 units per day). Plasma HDL cholesterol concentration, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined as indirect biomarkers of alcohol consumption. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and proportions of agreement between reported consumption and EtG were calculated. To test the agreement of EtG concentration and alcohol consumption in categories, linear regression analysis was performed. In addition, the association between EtG concentrations and indirect biomarkers was analyzed. Mean age was 53.7 y, and 52.9% of participants men. Of the self-reported abstainers, 92.3% had an EtG concentration
ISSN:0022-3166
1541-6100
DOI:10.1093/jn/nxz146