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Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality
Background Several studies have examined the association between IPI and birth outcomes, but few have explored the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and postnatal outcomes. Objective We examined the association between IPI and injury‐related infant mortality, a leading cause of postn...
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| Published in: | Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology 2019-09, Vol.33 (5), p.360-370 |
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| container_end_page | 370 |
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 360 |
| container_title | Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Thoma, Marie E. Rossen, Lauren M. De Silva, Dane A. Warner, Margaret Simon, Alan E. Moskosky, Susan Ahrens, Katherine A. |
| description | Background
Several studies have examined the association between IPI and birth outcomes, but few have explored the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and postnatal outcomes.
Objective
We examined the association between IPI and injury‐related infant mortality, a leading cause of postneonatal mortality.
Methods
We used 2011‐2015 US period‐linked birth‐infant death vital statistics data to generate a multiyear birth cohort of non‐first‐born singleton births (N = 9 782 029). IPI was defined as the number of months between a live birth and the start of the pregnancy leading to the next live birth. Causes of death in the first year of life were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Hazard ratios (HR) for IPI categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth order, county poverty level, and maternal characteristics (marital status, race/ethnicity, education, age at previous birth).
Results
After adjustment, overall infant mortality (48.1 per 10 000 births) was higher for short and long IPIs compared with IPI 18‐23 months (reference): |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/ppe.12575 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6913028</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2297039011</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-240135450f7d395b666ab61389deb66180e6647e0788310b6db3780d0ab89693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc9u1DAQhy1ERZfCgRdAkbjAIe3Yjv9xQIKq0EqV6GHvlpN4W68SO9hOUW48As_Ik-Bl24oi4Ys1M58-zeiH0CsMx7i8k2myx5gwwZ6gFaac1RQwf4pWQLiqGRByiJ6ntAUAzhR5hg4pZpgQQVdo_ckuwfdV62K-qcKcuzDa9L668NnGKdprb3y3VG5X3pqhMoV1fjvH5dePn9EOJttdY2N8rsYQsxlcXl6gg40Zkn159x-h9eez9el5ffn1y8Xpx8u6axrKatIApqxhsBE9VazlnJuWYypVb0uBJVjOG2FBSEkxtLxvqZDQg2ml4ooeoQ977TS3o-0763M0g56iG01cdDBOP554d6Ovw63mClMgsgje3gli-DbblPXoUmeHwXgb5qQJkYoJIQUt6Jt_0G2Yoy_XFUoJoAowLtS7PdXFkFK0m4dlMOhdVLpEpf9EVdjXf2__QN5nU4CTPfDdDXb5v0lfXZ3tlb8BwEKepA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2297039011</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection</source><creator>Thoma, Marie E. ; Rossen, Lauren M. ; De Silva, Dane A. ; Warner, Margaret ; Simon, Alan E. ; Moskosky, Susan ; Ahrens, Katherine A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Thoma, Marie E. ; Rossen, Lauren M. ; De Silva, Dane A. ; Warner, Margaret ; Simon, Alan E. ; Moskosky, Susan ; Ahrens, Katherine A.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Several studies have examined the association between IPI and birth outcomes, but few have explored the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and postnatal outcomes.
Objective
We examined the association between IPI and injury‐related infant mortality, a leading cause of postneonatal mortality.
Methods
We used 2011‐2015 US period‐linked birth‐infant death vital statistics data to generate a multiyear birth cohort of non‐first‐born singleton births (N = 9 782 029). IPI was defined as the number of months between a live birth and the start of the pregnancy leading to the next live birth. Causes of death in the first year of life were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Hazard ratios (HR) for IPI categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth order, county poverty level, and maternal characteristics (marital status, race/ethnicity, education, age at previous birth).
Results
After adjustment, overall infant mortality (48.1 per 10 000 births) was higher for short and long IPIs compared with IPI 18‐23 months (reference): <6, aHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.54, 1.68; 6‐11, aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17, 1.26; and 60+ months, aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08, 1.16. In comparison, the risk of injury‐related infant mortality (4.4 per 10 000 births) decreased with longer IPIs: <6, aHR 1.77, 95% CI 1.55, 2.01; 6‐11, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25, 1.59; 12‐17, aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.41; 24‐59, aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69, 0.87; and 60+ months, aHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.48, 0.62.
Conclusion
Unlike overall infant mortality, injury‐related infant mortality decreased with IPI length. While injury‐related deaths are rare, these patterns suggest that the timing between births may be a marker of risk for fatal infant injuries. The first year postpartum may be an ideal time for the delivery of evidence‐based injury prevention programmes as well as family planning services.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-5022</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1365-3016</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-3016</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12575</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31512273</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Birth Certificates ; Birth Intervals - statistics & numerical data ; birth spacing ; Births ; Child Abuse - mortality ; Child Abuse - statistics & numerical data ; Death Certificates ; Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology ; Family planning ; Female ; Hazards ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant mortality ; Infant Mortality - trends ; Infant, Newborn ; injury ; Injury prevention ; interpregnancy interval ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Minority & ethnic groups ; parity ; Postpartum ; Poverty ; Pregnancy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Sibling Relations ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Statistical models ; United States - epidemiology ; Vital statistics ; Wounds and Injuries - mortality</subject><ispartof>Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2019-09, Vol.33 (5), p.360-370</ispartof><rights>2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-240135450f7d395b666ab61389deb66180e6647e0788310b6db3780d0ab89693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-240135450f7d395b666ab61389deb66180e6647e0788310b6db3780d0ab89693</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6558-2716 ; 0000-0001-5139-9208 ; 0000-0001-9267-4384</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31512273$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thoma, Marie E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossen, Lauren M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Silva, Dane A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warner, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Alan E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moskosky, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahrens, Katherine A.</creatorcontrib><title>Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality</title><title>Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology</title><addtitle>Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Background
Several studies have examined the association between IPI and birth outcomes, but few have explored the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and postnatal outcomes.
Objective
We examined the association between IPI and injury‐related infant mortality, a leading cause of postneonatal mortality.
Methods
We used 2011‐2015 US period‐linked birth‐infant death vital statistics data to generate a multiyear birth cohort of non‐first‐born singleton births (N = 9 782 029). IPI was defined as the number of months between a live birth and the start of the pregnancy leading to the next live birth. Causes of death in the first year of life were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Hazard ratios (HR) for IPI categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth order, county poverty level, and maternal characteristics (marital status, race/ethnicity, education, age at previous birth).
Results
After adjustment, overall infant mortality (48.1 per 10 000 births) was higher for short and long IPIs compared with IPI 18‐23 months (reference): <6, aHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.54, 1.68; 6‐11, aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17, 1.26; and 60+ months, aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08, 1.16. In comparison, the risk of injury‐related infant mortality (4.4 per 10 000 births) decreased with longer IPIs: <6, aHR 1.77, 95% CI 1.55, 2.01; 6‐11, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25, 1.59; 12‐17, aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.41; 24‐59, aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69, 0.87; and 60+ months, aHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.48, 0.62.
Conclusion
Unlike overall infant mortality, injury‐related infant mortality decreased with IPI length. While injury‐related deaths are rare, these patterns suggest that the timing between births may be a marker of risk for fatal infant injuries. The first year postpartum may be an ideal time for the delivery of evidence‐based injury prevention programmes as well as family planning services.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Birth Certificates</subject><subject>Birth Intervals - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>birth spacing</subject><subject>Births</subject><subject>Child Abuse - mortality</subject><subject>Child Abuse - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Death Certificates</subject><subject>Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology</subject><subject>Family planning</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hazards</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant mortality</subject><subject>Infant Mortality - trends</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>injury</subject><subject>Injury prevention</subject><subject>interpregnancy interval</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maternal Age</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>parity</subject><subject>Postpartum</subject><subject>Poverty</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sibling Relations</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vital statistics</subject><subject>Wounds and Injuries - mortality</subject><issn>0269-5022</issn><issn>1365-3016</issn><issn>1365-3016</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc9u1DAQhy1ERZfCgRdAkbjAIe3Yjv9xQIKq0EqV6GHvlpN4W68SO9hOUW48As_Ik-Bl24oi4Ys1M58-zeiH0CsMx7i8k2myx5gwwZ6gFaac1RQwf4pWQLiqGRByiJ6ntAUAzhR5hg4pZpgQQVdo_ckuwfdV62K-qcKcuzDa9L668NnGKdprb3y3VG5X3pqhMoV1fjvH5dePn9EOJttdY2N8rsYQsxlcXl6gg40Zkn159x-h9eez9el5ffn1y8Xpx8u6axrKatIApqxhsBE9VazlnJuWYypVb0uBJVjOG2FBSEkxtLxvqZDQg2ml4ooeoQ977TS3o-0763M0g56iG01cdDBOP554d6Ovw63mClMgsgje3gli-DbblPXoUmeHwXgb5qQJkYoJIQUt6Jt_0G2Yoy_XFUoJoAowLtS7PdXFkFK0m4dlMOhdVLpEpf9EVdjXf2__QN5nU4CTPfDdDXb5v0lfXZ3tlb8BwEKepA</recordid><startdate>201909</startdate><enddate>201909</enddate><creator>Thoma, Marie E.</creator><creator>Rossen, Lauren M.</creator><creator>De Silva, Dane A.</creator><creator>Warner, Margaret</creator><creator>Simon, Alan E.</creator><creator>Moskosky, Susan</creator><creator>Ahrens, Katherine A.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-2716</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5139-9208</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-4384</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201909</creationdate><title>Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality</title><author>Thoma, Marie E. ; Rossen, Lauren M. ; De Silva, Dane A. ; Warner, Margaret ; Simon, Alan E. ; Moskosky, Susan ; Ahrens, Katherine A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-240135450f7d395b666ab61389deb66180e6647e0788310b6db3780d0ab89693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Birth Certificates</topic><topic>Birth Intervals - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>birth spacing</topic><topic>Births</topic><topic>Child Abuse - mortality</topic><topic>Child Abuse - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Death Certificates</topic><topic>Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology</topic><topic>Family planning</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hazards</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant mortality</topic><topic>Infant Mortality - trends</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>injury</topic><topic>Injury prevention</topic><topic>interpregnancy interval</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maternal Age</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>parity</topic><topic>Postpartum</topic><topic>Poverty</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Sibling Relations</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Statistical models</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vital statistics</topic><topic>Wounds and Injuries - mortality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thoma, Marie E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossen, Lauren M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Silva, Dane A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warner, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Alan E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moskosky, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahrens, Katherine A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thoma, Marie E.</au><au>Rossen, Lauren M.</au><au>De Silva, Dane A.</au><au>Warner, Margaret</au><au>Simon, Alan E.</au><au>Moskosky, Susan</au><au>Ahrens, Katherine A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality</atitle><jtitle>Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2019-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>360</spage><epage>370</epage><pages>360-370</pages><issn>0269-5022</issn><issn>1365-3016</issn><eissn>1365-3016</eissn><abstract>Background
Several studies have examined the association between IPI and birth outcomes, but few have explored the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and postnatal outcomes.
Objective
We examined the association between IPI and injury‐related infant mortality, a leading cause of postneonatal mortality.
Methods
We used 2011‐2015 US period‐linked birth‐infant death vital statistics data to generate a multiyear birth cohort of non‐first‐born singleton births (N = 9 782 029). IPI was defined as the number of months between a live birth and the start of the pregnancy leading to the next live birth. Causes of death in the first year of life were identified using ICD‐10 codes. Hazard ratios (HR) for IPI categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth order, county poverty level, and maternal characteristics (marital status, race/ethnicity, education, age at previous birth).
Results
After adjustment, overall infant mortality (48.1 per 10 000 births) was higher for short and long IPIs compared with IPI 18‐23 months (reference): <6, aHR 1.61, 95% CI 1.54, 1.68; 6‐11, aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17, 1.26; and 60+ months, aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08, 1.16. In comparison, the risk of injury‐related infant mortality (4.4 per 10 000 births) decreased with longer IPIs: <6, aHR 1.77, 95% CI 1.55, 2.01; 6‐11, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25, 1.59; 12‐17, aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.41; 24‐59, aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69, 0.87; and 60+ months, aHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.48, 0.62.
Conclusion
Unlike overall infant mortality, injury‐related infant mortality decreased with IPI length. While injury‐related deaths are rare, these patterns suggest that the timing between births may be a marker of risk for fatal infant injuries. The first year postpartum may be an ideal time for the delivery of evidence‐based injury prevention programmes as well as family planning services.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>31512273</pmid><doi>10.1111/ppe.12575</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-2716</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5139-9208</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-4384</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2019-09, Vol.33 (5), p.360-370 |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
| subjects | Adult Birth Certificates Birth Intervals - statistics & numerical data birth spacing Births Child Abuse - mortality Child Abuse - statistics & numerical data Death Certificates Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology Family planning Female Hazards Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Infant Infant mortality Infant Mortality - trends Infant, Newborn injury Injury prevention interpregnancy interval Male Maternal Age Minority & ethnic groups parity Postpartum Poverty Pregnancy Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Sibling Relations Socioeconomic Factors Statistical models United States - epidemiology Vital statistics Wounds and Injuries - mortality |
| title | Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality |
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