Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dampens Allergic Rhinitis via Eosinophilic Production of the Anti-Allergic Lipid Mediator 15-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid in Mice

• Published in: Nutrients 2019-11, Vol.11 (12), p.2868
• Main Authors: Sawane, Kento, Nagatake, Takahiro, Hosomi, Koji, Hirata, So-Ichiro, Adachi, Jun, Abe, Yuichi, Isoyama, Junko, Suzuki, Hidehiko, Matsunaga, Ayu, Fukumitsu, Satoshi, Aida, Kazuhiko, Tomonaga, Takeshi, Arita, Makoto, Kunisawa, Jun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allergic rhinitis; Fatty acids; Food allergies; Histamine; Hypersensitivity; Immune system; Intranasal administration; Leukocytes (eosinophilic); Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Linseed oil; Lipids; Mast cells; Metabolites; Nutrition; Oils & fats; Phagocytes; Rhinitis; Sneezing
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11122868

The metabolism and generation of bioactive lipid mediators are key events in the exertion of the beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the regulation of allergic inflammation. Here, we found that dietary linseed oil, which contains high amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dampened allergic rhinitis through eosinophilic production of 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-HEPE), a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Lipidomic analysis revealed that 15-HEPE was particularly accumulated in the nasal passage of linseed oil-fed mice after the development of allergic rhinitis with the increasing number of eosinophils. Indeed, the conversion of EPA to 15-HEPE was mediated by the 15-lipoxygenase activity of eosinophils. Intranasal injection of 15-HEPE dampened allergic symptoms by inhibiting mast cell degranulation, which was mediated by the action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. These findings identify 15-HEPE as a novel EPA-derived, and eosinophil-dependent anti-allergic metabolite, and provide a preventive and therapeutic strategy against allergic rhinitis.