Influence of Sintering Strategy on the Characteristics of Sol-Gel Ba1−xCexTi1−x/4O3 Ceramics

Single-phase Ce3+-doped BaTiO3 powders described by the nominal formula Ba1−xCexTi1−x/4O3 with x = 0.005 and 0.05 were synthesized by the acetate variant of the sol-gel method. The structural parameters, particle size, and morphology are strongly dependent on the Ce3+ content. From these powders, de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.9 (12), p.1675
Main Authors: Stanciu, Cătălina A., Pintilie, Ioana, Surdu, Adrian, Truşcă, Roxana, Vasile, Bogdan S., Eftimie, Mihai, Ianculescu, Adelina C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Barium
Barium titanates
Ceramic powders
Ceramics
Cerium
Dielectric constant
Dielectric loss
Ferroelectric materials
Ferroelectricity
Grain growth
Grain size
Morphology
Permittivity
Phase transitions
Plasma sintering
Room temperature
Sintering (powder metallurgy)
Sol-gel processes
Solid solutions
Spark plasma sintering
Temperature
Titanium
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Summary:Single-phase Ce3+-doped BaTiO3 powders described by the nominal formula Ba1−xCexTi1−x/4O3 with x = 0.005 and 0.05 were synthesized by the acetate variant of the sol-gel method. The structural parameters, particle size, and morphology are strongly dependent on the Ce3+ content. From these powders, dense ceramics were prepared by conventional sintering at 1300 °C for 2 h, as well as by spark plasma sintering at 1050 °C for 2 min. For the conventionally sintered ceramics, the XRD data and the dielectric and hysteresis measurements reveal that at room temperature, the specimen with low cerium content (x = 0.005) was in the ferroelectric state, while the samples with significantly higher Ce3+ concentration (x = 0.05) were found to be in the proximity of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. The sample with low solute content after spark plasma sintering exhibited insulating behavior, with significantly higher values of relative permittivity and dielectric losses over the entire investigated temperature range relative to the conventionally sintered sample of similar composition. The spark-plasma-sintered Ce-BaTiO3 specimen with high solute content (x = 0.05) showed a fine-grained microstructure and an almost temperature-independent colossal dielectric constant which originated from very high interfacial polarization.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano9121675