Transcriptome Analysis of Wheat Roots Reveals a Differential Regulation of Stress Responses Related to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Disturbance

Symbioses with soil microorganisms are central in shaping the diversity and productivity of land plants and provide protection against a diversity of stresses, including metal toxicity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form extensive extraradical mycelial networks (ERM), which are very efficie...

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Published in:Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-12, Vol.8 (4), p.93
Main Authors: Campos, Catarina, Nobre, Tânia, Goss, Michael J, Faria, Jorge, Barrulas, Pedro, Carvalho, Mário
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arbuscular mycorrhizas
Cell division
Cytoplasm
Experiments
Flowers & plants
Lolium rigidum
Manganese
Metal ions
Microorganisms
Mycelia
Ornithopus compressus
Oxidative stress
Plant growth
Rhizophagus irregularis
Roots
Soil microorganisms
Symbiosis
Toxicity
Transcriptomes
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Summary:Symbioses with soil microorganisms are central in shaping the diversity and productivity of land plants and provide protection against a diversity of stresses, including metal toxicity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form extensive extraradical mycelial networks (ERM), which are very efficient in colonizing a new host. We quantified the responses of transcriptomes of wheat and one AMF partner, , to soil disturbance (Undisturbed vs. Disturbed) and to two different preceding mycotrophic species ( and ). Soil disturbance and preceding plant species engender different AMF communities in wheat roots, resulting in a differential tolerance to soil manganese (Mn) toxicity. Soil disturbance negatively impacted wheat growth under manganese toxicity, probably due to the disruption of the ERM, and activated a large number of stress and starvation-related genes. The treatment, which induces a greater Mn protection in wheat than , activated processes related to cellular division and growth, and very few related to stress. The treatment mostly induced genes that were related to oxidative stress, disease protection, and metal ion binding. . cell division and molecular exchange between nucleus and cytoplasm were increased by . These findings are highly relevant for sustainable agricultural systems, when considering a fit-for-purpose symbiosis.
ISSN:2079-7737
2079-7737
DOI:10.3390/biology8040093