A critical analysis of recreational water guidelines developed from temperate climate data and applied to the tropics

Recreational water epidemiology studies are rare in settings with minimal wastewater treatment where risk may be highest, and in tropical settings where warmer temperature influences the ecology of fecal indicator bacteria commonly used to monitor recreational waters. One exception is a 1999 study c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2020-03, Vol.170, p.115294-115294, Article 115294
Main Authors: Verhougstraete, Marc P., Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Reynolds, Kelly A., Lamparelli, Claudia Condé, Zanoli Sato, Maria Inês, Wade, Timothy J., Eisenberg, Joseph N.S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bathing Beaches
Beaches
Brazil
Child
Climate
Enterococci
Environmental Monitoring
Escherichia coli
Feces
Humans
Quantitative microbial risk assessment
South America
United Kingdom
Water Microbiology
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Summary:Recreational water epidemiology studies are rare in settings with minimal wastewater treatment where risk may be highest, and in tropical settings where warmer temperature influences the ecology of fecal indicator bacteria commonly used to monitor recreational waters. One exception is a 1999 study conducted in São Paulo Brazil. We compared the risk and exposure characteristics of these data with those conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) in the early 1990s that are the basis of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines on recreational water risks. We then developed adjusted risk difference models (excess gastrointestinal illness per swimming event) for children (
ISSN:0043-1354
1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115294