Nucleosomal proofreading of activator–promoter interactions

Specificity in transcriptional regulation is imparted by transcriptional activators that bind to specific DNA sequences from which they stimulate transcription. Specificity may be increased by slowing down the kinetics of regulation: by increasing the energy for dissociation of the activator–DNA com...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2020-02, Vol.117 (5), p.2456-2461
Main Authors: Shelansky, Robert, Boeger, Hinrich
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological Sciences
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Dwell time
Editing
Energy of dissociation
Gene regulation
Gene sequencing
Kinetics
Nucleosomes
Nucleotide sequence
Proofreading
Stochasticity
Transcription activation
Transcription factors
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Summary:Specificity in transcriptional regulation is imparted by transcriptional activators that bind to specific DNA sequences from which they stimulate transcription. Specificity may be increased by slowing down the kinetics of regulation: by increasing the energy for dissociation of the activator–DNA complex or decreasing activator concentration. In general, higher dissociation energies imply longer DNA dwell times of the activator; the activator-bound gene may not readily turn off again. Lower activator concentrations entail longer pauses between binding events; the activator-unbound gene is not easily turned on again and activated transcription occurs in stochastic bursts. We show that kinetic proofreading of activator–DNA recognition—insertion of an energy-dissipating delay step into the activation pathway for transcription—reconciles high specificity of transcriptional regulation with fast regulatory kinetics. We show that kinetic proofreading results from the stochastic removal and reformation of promoter nucleosomes, at a distance from equilibrium.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1911188117