Decoding the Role of Satellite DNA in Genome Architecture and Plasticity-An Evolutionary and Clinical Affair

Repetitive DNA is a major organizational component of eukaryotic genomes, being intrinsically related with their architecture and evolution. Tandemly repeated satellite DNAs (satDNAs) can be found clustered in specific heterochromatin-rich chromosomal regions, building vital structures like function...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes 2020-01, Vol.11 (1), p.72
Main Authors: Louzada, Sandra, Lopes, Mariana, Ferreira, Daniela, Adega, Filomena, Escudeiro, Ana, Gama-Carvalho, Margarida, Chaves, Raquel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arrays
Binding sites
Bioinformatics
Centromeres
Chromosome rearrangements
Chromosomes
Euchromatin
Evolution
Gene expression
Genomes
Heterochromatin
Insects
Mammals
Proteins
Review
Satellite DNA
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Summary:Repetitive DNA is a major organizational component of eukaryotic genomes, being intrinsically related with their architecture and evolution. Tandemly repeated satellite DNAs (satDNAs) can be found clustered in specific heterochromatin-rich chromosomal regions, building vital structures like functional centromeres and also dispersed within euchromatin. Interestingly, despite their association to critical chromosomal structures, satDNAs are widely variable among species due to their high turnover rates. This dynamic behavior has been associated with genome plasticity and chromosome rearrangements, leading to the reshaping of genomes. Here we present the current knowledge regarding satDNAs in the light of new genomic technologies, and the challenges in the study of these sequences. Furthermore, we discuss how these sequences, together with other repeats, influence genome architecture, impacting its evolution and association with disease.
ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes11010072