Everyday Discrimination and Kidney Function Among Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

• Published in: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2020-02, Vol.75 (3), p.517-521
• Main Authors: Cobb, Ryon J, Thorpe, Roland J, Norris, Keith C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Discrimination; Epidemiology; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney - physiopathology; Kidney diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Kidneys; Male; Middle Aged; Older people; Polls & surveys; Regression analysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - etiology; Social Discrimination; Stress, Psychological - complications; Stress, Psychological - etiology; Stress, Psychological - physiopathology; THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences
• ISSN: 1079-5006; 1758-535X; 1758-535X
• DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz294

Abstract Background With advancing age, there is an increase in the time of and number of experiences with psychosocial stressors that may lead to the initiation and/or progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study tests whether one type of experience, everyday discrimination, predicts kidney function among middle and older adults. Methods The data were from 10 973 respondents (ages 52–100) in the 2006/2008 Health and Retirement Study, an ongoing biennial nationally representative survey of older adults in the United States. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derives from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Our indicator of everyday discrimination is drawn from self-reports from respondents. Ordinary Least Squared regression (OLS) models with robust standard errors are applied to test hypotheses regarding the link between everyday discrimination and kidney function. Results Everyday discrimination was associated with poorer kidney function among respondents in our study. Respondents with higher everyday discrimination scores had lower eGFR after adjusting for demographic characteristics (B = −1.35, p < .05), and while attenuated, remained significant (B = −0.79, p < .05) after further adjustments for clinical, health behavior, and socioeconomic covariates. Conclusions Our study suggests everyday discrimination is independently associated with lower eGFR. These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial factors in predicting insufficiency in kidney function among middle-aged and older adults.