Minireview on the Relations between Gut Microflora and Parkinson’s Disease: Further Biochemical (Oxidative Stress), Inflammatory, and Neurological Particularities

The aetiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly debated topic. Despite the progressive increase in the number of patients diagnosed with PD over the last couple of decades, the causes remain largely unknown. This report is aimed at highlighting the main features of the microbial communities wh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2020, Vol.2020 (2020), p.1-15
Main Authors: Doroftei, Bogdan, McKenna, Jack, Ciobica, Alin, Ilie, Ovidiu-Dumitru, Mavroudis, Ioannis
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Brain research
Cesarean section
Cytokines
Disease
Drug resistance
E coli
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Gastrointestinal system
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Humans
Inflammation
Male
Metabolism
Mice
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microorganisms
Nervous system
Oxidative Stress
Parkinson Disease - physiopathology
Parkinson's disease
Pathogenesis
Placenta
Premature birth
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Review
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Summary:The aetiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly debated topic. Despite the progressive increase in the number of patients diagnosed with PD over the last couple of decades, the causes remain largely unknown. This report is aimed at highlighting the main features of the microbial communities which have been termed “the second brain” that may be a major participant in the etiopathophysiology of PD. It is possible that dysbiosis could be caused by an overactivity of proinflammatory cytokines which act on the gastrointestinal tract as well as infections. The majority of patients who are diagnosed with PD display gastrointestinal symptoms as one of the earliest features. In addition, an unbalanced cycle of oxidative stress caused by dysbacteriosis may have the effect of gradually promoting PD’s specific phenotype. Thus, it seems that bacteria possess the ability to manipulate the brain by initiating specific responses, defining their capability to configure the human body, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in preventing infections but also in activating related signalling pathways.
ISSN:1942-0900
1942-0994
1942-0994
DOI:10.1155/2020/4518023