Human Immune Responses to Melioidosis and Cross-Reactivity to Low-Virulence Burkholderia Species, Thailand

Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease with an estimated annual mortality rate of 89,000 in 45 countries across tropical regions. The causative agent is Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative soil-dwelling bacterium. In Thailand, B. pseudomallei can be found across multiple regions, along w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases 2020-03, Vol.26 (3), p.463-471
Main Authors: Rongkard, Patpong, Kronsteiner, Barbara, Hantrakun, Viriya, Jenjaroen, Kemajittra, Sumonwiriya, Manutsanun, Chaichana, Panjaporn, Chumseng, Suchintana, Chantratita, Narisara, Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn, Fletcher, Helen A, Teparrukkul, Prapit, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Day, Nicholas P.J, Dunachie, Susanna J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antigens
Bacterial infections
Burkholderia
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Burkholderia thailandensis
Burkholderia thailandensis CPS variant
capsular polysaccharide
Cloning
Diabetes
Diseases
Environmental toxicology
Flow cytometry
Health aspects
Hospitals
Host-bacteria relationships
Human Immune Responses to Melioidosis and Cross-Reactivity to Low-Virulence
immune cross-reactivity
Immune response
Medical research
melioidosis
Observations
Physiological aspects
Polysaccharides
Pseudomonas infections
Species, Thailand
Type 2 diabetes
Virulence
Virulence (Microbiology)
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Summary:Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease with an estimated annual mortality rate of 89,000 in 45 countries across tropical regions. The causative agent is Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative soil-dwelling bacterium. In Thailand, B. pseudomallei can be found across multiple regions, along with the low-virulence B. thailandensis and the recently discovered B. thailandensis variant (BTCV), which expresses B. pseudomallei–like capsular polysaccharide. Comprehensive studies of human immune responses to B. thailandensis variants and cross-reactivity to B. pseudomallei are not complete. We evaluated human immune responses to B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, and BTCV in melioidosis patients and healthy persons in B. pseudomallei–endemic areas using a range of humoral and cellular immune assays. We found immune cross-reactivity to be strong for both humoral and cellular immunity among B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, and BTCV. Our findings suggest that environmental exposure to low-virulence strains may build cellular immunity to B. pseudomallei.
ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid2603.190206