Neuroprotective Role of Hypothermia in Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury: Combined Therapies using Estrogen

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a complex network of factors, which is mainly characterized by a decrease in levels of oxygen concentration and blood flow, which lead to an inefficient supply of nutrients to the brain. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury can be found in perinatal asphyxia and ischemic-st...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current neuropharmacology 2019-01, Vol.17 (9), p.874-890
Main Authors: Toro-Urrego, Nicolás, Vesga-Jiménez, Diego Julián, Herrera, María Inés, Luaces, Juan Pablo, Capani, Francisco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Asphyxia
Blood flow
Blood levels
Brain injury
Cell survival
Cell viability
Estrogenic activity
Estrogens - analogs & derivatives
Estrogens - pharmacology
Estrogens - therapeutic use
Humans
Hypothermia
Hypothermia, Induced
Hypoxia
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - metabolism
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - therapy
Ischemia
Mitochondria
Morbidity
Neuromodulation
Neuroprotection
Neuroprotective Agents - therapeutic use
Nutrients
Reactive oxygen species
Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Traumatic brain injury
Xenoestrogens
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Summary:Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a complex network of factors, which is mainly characterized by a decrease in levels of oxygen concentration and blood flow, which lead to an inefficient supply of nutrients to the brain. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury can be found in perinatal asphyxia and ischemic-stroke, which represent one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in children and adults worldwide. Therefore, knowledge of underlying mechanisms triggering these insults may help establish neuroprotective treatments. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Selective Tissue Estrogenic Activity Regulators exert several neuroprotective effects, including a decrease of reactive oxygen species, maintenance of cell viability, mitochondrial survival, among others. However, these strategies represent a traditional approach of targeting a single factor of pathology without satisfactory results. Hence, combined therapies, such as the administration of therapeutic hypothermia with a complementary neuroprotective agent, constitute a promising alternative. In this sense, the present review summarizes the underlying mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and compiles several neuroprotective strategies, including Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Selective Tissue Estrogenic Activity Regulators, which represent putative agents for combined therapies with therapeutic hypothermia.
ISSN:1570-159X
1875-6190
1875-6190
DOI:10.2174/1570159X17666181206101314