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A secondary analysis of testosterone and electrically evoked resistance training versus testosterone only (TEREX-SCI) on untrained muscles after spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Study design Secondary analysis of a clinical trial. Objectives To perform a secondary analysis on the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (RT) combined with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared with TRT on the untrained muscles after spinal cord injury (SC...
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| Published in: | Spinal cord 2020-03, Vol.58 (3), p.298-308 |
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| creator | Gorgey, Ashraf S. Abilmona, Sally M. Sima, Adam Khalil, Refka E. Khan, Rehan Adler, Robert A. |
| description | Study design
Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.
Objectives
To perform a secondary analysis on the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (RT) combined with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared with TRT on the untrained muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting
Medical research center.
Methods
Twenty-two men with chronic motor complete SCI were randomized into TRT + RT group (
n
= 11) or TRT group (
n
= 11). Both groups received 16 weeks of TRT (2–6 mg/day) via testosterone patches. The TRT + RT group received twice weekly progressive RT of the knee extensor muscles using electrical stimulation and ankle weights. Magnetic resonance images were captured to measure cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of trunk, glutei, and leg muscles.
Results
Total and absolute gluteus maximus m. (14%,
P
= 0.003 and 16%,
P
= 0.001), gluteus medius m. (10%;
P
= 0.008 and 14%;
P
= 0.02), and total glutei m. (8%,
P
= 0.01 and 11%,
P
= 0.005) CSAs increased overtime for the TRT + RT group. Mean between-group differences of 2.86 (95% CI: 0.30, 5.4), 1.89 (95% CI: 0.23, 3.58) and 5.27 (95% CI: 0.90, 9.69) cm
2
were noted for absolute gluteus maximus, total gluteus medius and total glutei CSAs, respectively (
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41393-019-0364-3 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7065941</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2375483010</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-7c9f37e58d62752f1176728edba0f1ee968be5188ca16968a3e3ed9d0fa7c67f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1Uc1uEzEQthCItoEH4IIscYGDwV7v2rsckKooQKVKSFAkbpbjnQ0Ojp3au5HCA_a5mJBS6IGTf-b7mZmPkGeCvxZctm9KLWQnGRcd41LVTD4gp6LWijWqqh_iXaqK1Qg5IWelrDnnnejax-REClWListTcnNOC7gUe5v31EYb9sUXmgY6QhlTGSGnCFjoKQRwY_bOhrCnsEs_oKcZED3a6ICO2fro44ruIJep3OeniJyXV4vPi2_sy_ziFX7QKf6moMpmKi5AoXZAOC1bj21Ql3JPfVxPef-WWrr1IY00YyNp438iyQW0w2bQ2NvwhDwabCjw9Packa_vF1fzj-zy04eL-fklc7XUI9OuG6SGpu1VpZtqEEIrXbXQLy0fBECn2iU0om2dFQofVoKEvuv5YLVTepAz8u6ou52WG-gdHIYIZpv9BhdokvXmfiX672aVdkZz1XQY14y8uBXI6XrCHZl1mjIOXEwldVO3kmO0MyKOKJdTKRmGOwfBzSF6c4zeYPTmEL2RyHn-b2t3jD9ZI6A6AgqW4gryX-v_q_4CeOzAEQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2375483010</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A secondary analysis of testosterone and electrically evoked resistance training versus testosterone only (TEREX-SCI) on untrained muscles after spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Gorgey, Ashraf S. ; Abilmona, Sally M. ; Sima, Adam ; Khalil, Refka E. ; Khan, Rehan ; Adler, Robert A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Gorgey, Ashraf S. ; Abilmona, Sally M. ; Sima, Adam ; Khalil, Refka E. ; Khan, Rehan ; Adler, Robert A.</creatorcontrib><description>Study design
Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.
Objectives
To perform a secondary analysis on the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (RT) combined with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared with TRT on the untrained muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting
Medical research center.
Methods
Twenty-two men with chronic motor complete SCI were randomized into TRT + RT group (
n
= 11) or TRT group (
n
= 11). Both groups received 16 weeks of TRT (2–6 mg/day) via testosterone patches. The TRT + RT group received twice weekly progressive RT of the knee extensor muscles using electrical stimulation and ankle weights. Magnetic resonance images were captured to measure cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of trunk, glutei, and leg muscles.
Results
Total and absolute gluteus maximus m. (14%,
P
= 0.003 and 16%,
P
= 0.001), gluteus medius m. (10%;
P
= 0.008 and 14%;
P
= 0.02), and total glutei m. (8%,
P
= 0.01 and 11%,
P
= 0.005) CSAs increased overtime for the TRT + RT group. Mean between-group differences of 2.86 (95% CI: 0.30, 5.4), 1.89 (95% CI: 0.23, 3.58) and 5.27 (95% CI: 0.90, 9.69) cm
2
were noted for absolute gluteus maximus, total gluteus medius and total glutei CSAs, respectively (
P
< 0.05). Trunk muscle CSAs showed a trend towards an interaction between groups.
Conclusions
RT combined with low-dose TRT results in significant hypertrophy compared with TRT only on the adjacent untrained glutei muscles. Trunk muscles may require direct stimulation to evoke hypertrophy. These exploratory findings may be of clinical relevance in the reduction of incidence and severity of pelvic pressure injuries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1362-4393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5624</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0364-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31641203</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/443/376 ; 692/617/375/1824 ; Adult ; Anatomy ; Androgens - administration & dosage ; Androgens - pharmacology ; Ankle ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Clinical trials ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods ; Electrical stimuli ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy - etiology ; Injuries ; Injury analysis ; Injury prevention ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Male ; Medical research ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects ; Muscles ; Neurochemistry ; Neuropsychology ; Neurosciences ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Physical training ; Pilot Projects ; Research facilities ; Resistance training ; Resistance Training - methods ; Secondary analysis ; Spinal cord injuries ; Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy ; Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation ; Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy ; Stimulation ; Strength training ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - administration & dosage ; Testosterone - pharmacology ; Training ; Trunk muscles</subject><ispartof>Spinal cord, 2020-03, Vol.58 (3), p.298-308</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Spinal Cord Society 2019</rights><rights>2019© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Spinal Cord Society 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-7c9f37e58d62752f1176728edba0f1ee968be5188ca16968a3e3ed9d0fa7c67f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-7c9f37e58d62752f1176728edba0f1ee968be5188ca16968a3e3ed9d0fa7c67f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9157-6034</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31641203$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gorgey, Ashraf S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abilmona, Sally M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sima, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalil, Refka E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Rehan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adler, Robert A.</creatorcontrib><title>A secondary analysis of testosterone and electrically evoked resistance training versus testosterone only (TEREX-SCI) on untrained muscles after spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial</title><title>Spinal cord</title><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><description>Study design
Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.
Objectives
To perform a secondary analysis on the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (RT) combined with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared with TRT on the untrained muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting
Medical research center.
Methods
Twenty-two men with chronic motor complete SCI were randomized into TRT + RT group (
n
= 11) or TRT group (
n
= 11). Both groups received 16 weeks of TRT (2–6 mg/day) via testosterone patches. The TRT + RT group received twice weekly progressive RT of the knee extensor muscles using electrical stimulation and ankle weights. Magnetic resonance images were captured to measure cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of trunk, glutei, and leg muscles.
Results
Total and absolute gluteus maximus m. (14%,
P
= 0.003 and 16%,
P
= 0.001), gluteus medius m. (10%;
P
= 0.008 and 14%;
P
= 0.02), and total glutei m. (8%,
P
= 0.01 and 11%,
P
= 0.005) CSAs increased overtime for the TRT + RT group. Mean between-group differences of 2.86 (95% CI: 0.30, 5.4), 1.89 (95% CI: 0.23, 3.58) and 5.27 (95% CI: 0.90, 9.69) cm
2
were noted for absolute gluteus maximus, total gluteus medius and total glutei CSAs, respectively (
P
< 0.05). Trunk muscle CSAs showed a trend towards an interaction between groups.
Conclusions
RT combined with low-dose TRT results in significant hypertrophy compared with TRT only on the adjacent untrained glutei muscles. Trunk muscles may require direct stimulation to evoke hypertrophy. These exploratory findings may be of clinical relevance in the reduction of incidence and severity of pelvic pressure injuries.</description><subject>631/443/376</subject><subject>692/617/375/1824</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Androgens - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Androgens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Ankle</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Combined Modality Therapy</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Electrical stimuli</subject><subject>Hormone Replacement Therapy</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertrophy</subject><subject>Hypertrophy - etiology</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Injury analysis</subject><subject>Injury prevention</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Outcome Assessment, Health Care</subject><subject>Physical training</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Research facilities</subject><subject>Resistance training</subject><subject>Resistance Training - methods</subject><subject>Secondary analysis</subject><subject>Spinal cord injuries</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy</subject><subject>Stimulation</subject><subject>Strength training</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Testosterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Training</subject><subject>Trunk muscles</subject><issn>1362-4393</issn><issn>1476-5624</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1Uc1uEzEQthCItoEH4IIscYGDwV7v2rsckKooQKVKSFAkbpbjnQ0Ojp3au5HCA_a5mJBS6IGTf-b7mZmPkGeCvxZctm9KLWQnGRcd41LVTD4gp6LWijWqqh_iXaqK1Qg5IWelrDnnnejax-REClWListTcnNOC7gUe5v31EYb9sUXmgY6QhlTGSGnCFjoKQRwY_bOhrCnsEs_oKcZED3a6ICO2fro44ruIJep3OeniJyXV4vPi2_sy_ziFX7QKf6moMpmKi5AoXZAOC1bj21Ql3JPfVxPef-WWrr1IY00YyNp438iyQW0w2bQ2NvwhDwabCjw9Packa_vF1fzj-zy04eL-fklc7XUI9OuG6SGpu1VpZtqEEIrXbXQLy0fBECn2iU0om2dFQofVoKEvuv5YLVTepAz8u6ou52WG-gdHIYIZpv9BhdokvXmfiX672aVdkZz1XQY14y8uBXI6XrCHZl1mjIOXEwldVO3kmO0MyKOKJdTKRmGOwfBzSF6c4zeYPTmEL2RyHn-b2t3jD9ZI6A6AgqW4gryX-v_q_4CeOzAEQ</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Gorgey, Ashraf S.</creator><creator>Abilmona, Sally M.</creator><creator>Sima, Adam</creator><creator>Khalil, Refka E.</creator><creator>Khan, Rehan</creator><creator>Adler, Robert A.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-6034</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200301</creationdate><title>A secondary analysis of testosterone and electrically evoked resistance training versus testosterone only (TEREX-SCI) on untrained muscles after spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial</title><author>Gorgey, Ashraf S. ; Abilmona, Sally M. ; Sima, Adam ; Khalil, Refka E. ; Khan, Rehan ; Adler, Robert A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-7c9f37e58d62752f1176728edba0f1ee968be5188ca16968a3e3ed9d0fa7c67f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>631/443/376</topic><topic>692/617/375/1824</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Androgens - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Androgens - pharmacology</topic><topic>Ankle</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Combined Modality Therapy</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Electrical stimuli</topic><topic>Hormone Replacement Therapy</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertrophy</topic><topic>Hypertrophy - etiology</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Injury analysis</topic><topic>Injury prevention</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>Neuropsychology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Outcome Assessment, Health Care</topic><topic>Physical training</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Research facilities</topic><topic>Resistance training</topic><topic>Resistance Training - methods</topic><topic>Secondary analysis</topic><topic>Spinal cord injuries</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy</topic><topic>Stimulation</topic><topic>Strength training</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Testosterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Training</topic><topic>Trunk muscles</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gorgey, Ashraf S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abilmona, Sally M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sima, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalil, Refka E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Rehan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adler, Robert A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gorgey, Ashraf S.</au><au>Abilmona, Sally M.</au><au>Sima, Adam</au><au>Khalil, Refka E.</au><au>Khan, Rehan</au><au>Adler, Robert A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A secondary analysis of testosterone and electrically evoked resistance training versus testosterone only (TEREX-SCI) on untrained muscles after spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial</atitle><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle><stitle>Spinal Cord</stitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>298</spage><epage>308</epage><pages>298-308</pages><issn>1362-4393</issn><eissn>1476-5624</eissn><abstract>Study design
Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.
Objectives
To perform a secondary analysis on the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (RT) combined with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared with TRT on the untrained muscles after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Setting
Medical research center.
Methods
Twenty-two men with chronic motor complete SCI were randomized into TRT + RT group (
n
= 11) or TRT group (
n
= 11). Both groups received 16 weeks of TRT (2–6 mg/day) via testosterone patches. The TRT + RT group received twice weekly progressive RT of the knee extensor muscles using electrical stimulation and ankle weights. Magnetic resonance images were captured to measure cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of trunk, glutei, and leg muscles.
Results
Total and absolute gluteus maximus m. (14%,
P
= 0.003 and 16%,
P
= 0.001), gluteus medius m. (10%;
P
= 0.008 and 14%;
P
= 0.02), and total glutei m. (8%,
P
= 0.01 and 11%,
P
= 0.005) CSAs increased overtime for the TRT + RT group. Mean between-group differences of 2.86 (95% CI: 0.30, 5.4), 1.89 (95% CI: 0.23, 3.58) and 5.27 (95% CI: 0.90, 9.69) cm
2
were noted for absolute gluteus maximus, total gluteus medius and total glutei CSAs, respectively (
P
< 0.05). Trunk muscle CSAs showed a trend towards an interaction between groups.
Conclusions
RT combined with low-dose TRT results in significant hypertrophy compared with TRT only on the adjacent untrained glutei muscles. Trunk muscles may require direct stimulation to evoke hypertrophy. These exploratory findings may be of clinical relevance in the reduction of incidence and severity of pelvic pressure injuries.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>31641203</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41393-019-0364-3</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-6034</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1362-4393 |
| ispartof | Spinal cord, 2020-03, Vol.58 (3), p.298-308 |
| issn | 1362-4393 1476-5624 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7065941 |
| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | 631/443/376 692/617/375/1824 Adult Anatomy Androgens - administration & dosage Androgens - pharmacology Ankle Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Clinical trials Combined Modality Therapy Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods Electrical stimuli Hormone Replacement Therapy Human Physiology Humans Hypertrophy Hypertrophy - etiology Injuries Injury analysis Injury prevention Magnetic resonance imaging Male Medical research Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects Muscles Neurochemistry Neuropsychology Neurosciences Outcome Assessment, Health Care Physical training Pilot Projects Research facilities Resistance training Resistance Training - methods Secondary analysis Spinal cord injuries Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation Spinal Cord Injuries - therapy Stimulation Strength training Testosterone Testosterone - administration & dosage Testosterone - pharmacology Training Trunk muscles |
| title | A secondary analysis of testosterone and electrically evoked resistance training versus testosterone only (TEREX-SCI) on untrained muscles after spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized clinical trial |
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