Newcastle disease virus triggers autophagy in U251 glioma cells to enhance virus replication

• Published in: Archives of virology 2012-06, Vol.157 (6), p.1011-1018
• Main Authors: Meng, Chunchun, Zhou, Zhizhi, Jiang, Ke, Yu, Shengqing, Jia, Lijun, Wu, Yantao, Liu, Yanqing, Meng, Songshu, Ding, Chan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - genetics; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Beclin-1; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens; Cell Line, Tumor; Dengue fever; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glioma - genetics; Glioma - physiopathology; Glioma - therapy; Glioma - virology; Herpes viruses; Humans; Infections; Infectious Diseases; Kinases; Medical Microbiology; Medical sciences; Membrane Proteins - genetics; Membrane Proteins - metabolism; Microbiology; Microtubule-Associated Proteins - genetics; Microtubule-Associated Proteins - metabolism; Miscellaneous; Newcastle disease virus; Newcastle disease virus - genetics; Newcastle disease virus - physiology; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Original; Original Article; Pallets; Paramyxovirus; Proteins; Tumors; Veterinary medicine; Virology; Virus Replication; Viruses
• ISSN: 0304-8608; 1432-8798
• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1270-6

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can replicate in tumor cells and induce apoptosis in late stages of infection. However, the interaction between NDV and cells in early stages of infection is not well understood. Here, we report that, shortly after infection, NDV triggers the formation of autophagosomes in U251 glioma cells, as demonstrated by an increased number of double-membrane vesicles, GFP-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) a dot formations, and elevated production of LC3II. Moreover, modulation of NDV-induced autophagy by rapamycin, chloroquine or small interfering RNAs targeting the genes critical for autophagosome formation ( Atg5 and Beclin-1 ) affects virus production, indicating that autophagy may be utilized by NDV to facilitate its own production. Furthermore, the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Beclin-1 pathway plays a role in NDV-induced autophagy and virus production. Collectively, our data provide a unique example of a paramyxovirus that uses autophagy to enhance its production.