Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis

Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2016-03, Vol.14 (1), p.79-98
Main Authors: Ali, Imran, Alharbi, Omar M. L., Marsin Sanagi, Mohd
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Capillary electrophoresis
Contaminants
Detection limits
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Electrophoresis
Emission spectroscopy
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental monitoring
Geochemistry
Mass spectrometry
Nanotechnology
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Pesticides
Pollutants
Pollution
Pollution detection
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Review
Spectral analysis
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Summary:Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet–visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x