Hydroxychloroquine: From Malaria to Autoimmunity

Quinine was first recognized as a potent antimalarial agent hundreds of years ago. Since then, the beneficial effects of quinine and its more advanced synthetic forms, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have been increasingly recognized in a myriad of other diseases in addition to malaria. In recen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2012-04, Vol.42 (2), p.145-153
Main Authors: Ben-Zvi, Ilan, Kivity, Shaye, Langevitz, Pnina, Shoenfeld, Yehuda
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergology
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - adverse effects
Antiarthritic agents
Antigen Presentation - drug effects
Antimalarials
Antimalarials - administration & dosage
Antimalarials - adverse effects
Arthritis
Autoimmune Diseases - drug therapy
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity - drug effects
B-Lymphocytes - drug effects
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
Calcium Signaling - drug effects
Calcium Signaling - immunology
Cytokines - metabolism
Humans
Hydroxychloroquine - administration & dosage
Hydroxychloroquine - adverse effects
Immunology
Internal Medicine
Macrophages - drug effects
Macrophages - immunology
Malaria
Malaria - drug therapy
Malaria - immunology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Rheumatoid factor
Skin
Systemic lupus erythematosus
T-Lymphocytes - drug effects
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
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Summary:Quinine was first recognized as a potent antimalarial agent hundreds of years ago. Since then, the beneficial effects of quinine and its more advanced synthetic forms, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have been increasingly recognized in a myriad of other diseases in addition to malaria. In recent years, antimalarials were shown to have various immunomodulatory effects, and currently have an established role in the management of rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, and in the treatment of chronic Q fever. Lately, additional metabolic, cardiovascular, antithrombotic, and antineoplastic effects of antimalarials were shown. In this review, we discuss the known various immunomodulatory mechanisms of antimalarials and the current evidence for their beneficial effects in various diseases and in potential novel applications.
ISSN:1080-0549
1559-0267
1559-0267
DOI:10.1007/s12016-010-8243-x