Carbohydrate Moieties as Vaccine Candidates

Carbohydrate epitopes or glycotopes are structurally diverse, occur in a variety of chemical contexts, and are present on the surfaces of cells in the body and on the surfaces of pathogens. These various structures and modes of presentation affect how they are perceived and processed by the body and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical Infectious Diseases 2005-09, Vol.41 (5), p.705-712
Main Authors: Lucas, Alexander H., Apicella, Michael A., Taylor, Christopher E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antibodies, Bacterial - immunology
Antigens
B lymphocytes
Bacterial Infections - prevention & control
Bacterial Vaccines - immunology
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates - immunology
Cells
Conjugate vaccines
Epitopes
Epitopes - immunology
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Pathogens
Polysaccharides
T lymphocytes
Vaccination
Vaccines
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Summary:Carbohydrate epitopes or glycotopes are structurally diverse, occur in a variety of chemical contexts, and are present on the surfaces of cells in the body and on the surfaces of pathogens. These various structures and modes of presentation affect how they are perceived and processed by the body and dictate the outcome of the immune response directed against them. This review focuses on mechanisms of carbohydrate immunity, with an emphasis on carbohydrate vaccines that have been or are being developed for protection against encapsulated bacterial pathogens. We discuss the cellular basis of carbohydrate immunity, newly identified glycotope processing pathways and recognition capabilities, and the synthetic and microarray technologies that are being developed that will permit new experimental approaches to carbohydrate vaccine development and the exploration of the interaction of the immune system with self and nonself glycans.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1086/432582