Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei

Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Magma (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2020-04, Vol.33 (2), p.221-256
Main Authors: Topping, Geoffrey J., Hundshammer, Christian, Nagel, Luca, Grashei, Martin, Aigner, Maximilian, Skinner, Jason G., Schulte, Rolf F., Schilling, Franz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Computer Appl. in Life Sciences
Gases
Health Informatics
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods
Imaging
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Perfusion
Radio Waves
Radiology
Rats
Reproducibility of Results
Review
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Solid State Physics
Ventilation
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Summary:Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
ISSN:0968-5243
1352-8661
1352-8661
DOI:10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6