Emerging and changing viral diseases in the new millennium

Most viral infections encountered in resource‐rich countries are relatively trivial and transient with perhaps fever, malaise, myalgia, rash (exanthema) and sometimes mucosal manifestations (enanthema), including oral in some. However, the apparent benignity may be illusory as some viral infections...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oral diseases 2016-04, Vol.22 (3), p.171-179
Main Authors: Scully, C, Samaranayake, LP
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cervical cancer
Chikungunya
Chikungunya Fever - complications
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - complications
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - virology
Coronavirus Infections - complications
dengue
Dengue - complications
Dentistry
DNA Virus Infections - complications
DNA Virus Infections - prevention & control
DNA Virus Infections - transmission
Ebola
Epidemiology
Facial Dermatoses - virology
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - complications
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - complications
herpes
Herpes Simplex - complications
HIV
HIV Infections - complications
HPV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infections
Invited Medical Review
mouth
Mouth Diseases - virology
Mumps - complications
oral
Oral diseases
Papillomavirus Infections - complications
Parvoviridae Infections - complications
RNA Virus Infections - complications
RNA Virus Infections - prevention & control
RNA Virus Infections - transmission
Viral infections
virus
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Summary:Most viral infections encountered in resource‐rich countries are relatively trivial and transient with perhaps fever, malaise, myalgia, rash (exanthema) and sometimes mucosal manifestations (enanthema), including oral in some. However, the apparent benignity may be illusory as some viral infections have unexpected consequences – such as the oncogenicity of some herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses. Infections are transmitted from various human or animal vectors, especially by close proximity, and the increasing movements of peoples across the globe, mean that infections hitherto confined largely to the tropics now appear worldwide. Global warming also increases the range of movement of vectors such as mosquitoes. Thus recent decades have seen a most dramatic change with the emergence globally also of new viral infections – notably human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) – and the appearance of some other dangerous and sometimes lethal infections formerly seen mainly in, and reported from, resource‐poor areas especially in parts of Asia, Latin America and Africa. This study offers a brief update of the most salient new aspects of the important viral infections, especially those with known orofacial manifestations or other implications for oral health care.
ISSN:1354-523X
1601-0825
DOI:10.1111/odi.12356