Pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis and subcutaneous emphysema associated with viral infections: Report of three cases

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually secondary to alveolar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium, associated with subcutaneous emphysema and occasionally with pneumothorax, but is rarely associated with pneumorrhachis. The leaked air into the pulmonary perivascular interstitium follows the path...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatrics international 2015-10, Vol.57 (5), p.1038-1040
Main Authors: Emiralioğlu, Nagehan, Ozcan, H Nursun, Oğuz, Berna, Yalçın, Ebru, Doğru, Deniz, Özçelik, Uğur, Kiper, Nural
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
bocavirus
Brief Report
Brief Reports
Child
Child, Preschool
Diagnosis, Differential
DNA, Viral - analysis
Emphysema
Female
Humans
Male
Mediastinal Emphysema - diagnosis
Mediastinal Emphysema - etiology
Nasal Mucosa - virology
Pediatrics
Picornaviridae Infections - complications
Picornaviridae Infections - diagnosis
Picornaviridae Infections - virology
pneumomediastinum
pneumorrhachis
Pneumorrhachis - diagnosis
Pneumorrhachis - etiology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Radiography, Thoracic
Respiratory syncytial virus
Rhinovirus
Rhinovirus - genetics
Subcutaneous Emphysema - diagnosis
Subcutaneous Emphysema - etiology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
viral infection
Viral infections
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Summary:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually secondary to alveolar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium, associated with subcutaneous emphysema and occasionally with pneumothorax, but is rarely associated with pneumorrhachis. The leaked air into the pulmonary perivascular interstitium follows the path of least resistance from the mediastinum to the fascial planes of the neck. Air freely communicates via the neural foramina and collects in the epidural space. Pneumorrhachis is defined as the presence of air in the spinal canal, either in the intradural and/or extradural spaces. It is a very rare clinical entity and mostly asymptomatic, hence most probably underdiagnosed. Many pathological and physiological events can lead to alveolar rupture, and these clinical findings can be related to various, mainly traumatic and iatrogenic etiologies. Herein we report three cases of pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, interstitial emphysema and pneumorrhachis in two cases, which were related to rhinovirus, human bocavirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection.
ISSN:1328-8067
1442-200X
DOI:10.1111/ped.12785