Application of in vivo solid phase microextraction (SPME) in capturing metabolome of apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) fruit

An in vivo direct-immersion SPME sampling coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToFMS) was employed to capture real-time changes in the metabolome of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples during ripening on the tree. This novel sampling approach was succ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2020-04, Vol.10 (1), p.6724-6724, Article 6724
Main Authors: Risticevic, Sanja, Souza-Silva, Erica A., Gionfriddo, Emanuela, DeEll, Jennifer R., Cochran, Jack, Hopkins, W. Scott, Pawliszyn, Janusz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/638/11
639/638/11/296
Acetylcholinesterase
Alkaloids
Antiparasitic agents
Antiviral agents
Apples
Discriminant Analysis
Esters
Fruit - metabolism
Fruits
Gas chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Hexanal
Humanities and Social Sciences
Least-Squares Analysis
Lipoxygenase
Malus - growth & development
Malus - metabolism
Malus domestica
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metabolome
multidisciplinary
Sampling
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Solid phase methods
Solid Phase Microextraction - methods
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Summary:An in vivo direct-immersion SPME sampling coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToFMS) was employed to capture real-time changes in the metabolome of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples during ripening on the tree. This novel sampling approach was successful in acquiring a broad metabolic fingerprint, capturing unique metabolites and detecting changes in metabolic profiles associated with fruit maturation. Several metabolites and chemical classes, including volatile esters, phenylpropanoid metabolites, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, and (2 E ,4 E )-2,4-hexadienal were found to be up-regulated in response to fruit maturation. For the first time, Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, metabolites with important biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, were detected in apples. Considering the elimination of oxidative degradation mechanisms that adversely impact the representativeness of metabolome obtained ex vivo , and further evidence that lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway contributes to volatile production in intact fruit, in vivo DI-SPME represents an attractive approach for global plant metabolite studies.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-63817-8