Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-03, Vol.21 (7), p.2346
Main Authors: Yue, Jicheng, López, José M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
Biological activity
Cell growth
Crosstalk
Cytochrome
Enzyme Activation
Feedback
Feedback loops
Gametocytes
Genes
Humans
Kinases
MAP kinase
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Mitochondria
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Oocytes
Osmotic Pressure
Phosphatase
Phosphorylation
Positive feedback
Protein kinase
Proteins
Review
Signal transduction
Transcription factors
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Summary:MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs' behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21072346