Chitin perception in plasmodesmata characterizes submembrane immune-signaling specificity in plants

The plasma membrane (PM) is composed of heterogeneous subdomains, characterized by differences in protein and lipid composition. PM receptors can be dynamically sorted into membrane domains to underpin signaling in response to extracellular stimuli. In plants, the plasmodesmal PM is a discrete micro...

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Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2020-04, Vol.117 (17), p.9621-9629
Main Authors: Cheval, Cécilia, Samwald, Sebastian, Johnston, Matthew G., de Keijzer, Jeroen, Breakspear, Andrew, Liu, Xiaokun, Bellandi, Annalisa, Kadota, Yasuhiro, Zipfel, Cyril, Faulkner, Christine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis - physiology
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Biological Sciences
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cell Membrane - physiology
Chitin
Chitin - metabolism
Domains
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Kinases
Lipid composition
Lipids
Localization
Mechanotransduction, Cellular - physiology
Membranes
Nicotiana - physiology
Plant Leaves - physiology
Plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata - physiology
PNAS Plus
Protein composition
Protein Kinases - genetics
Protein Kinases - metabolism
Reactive Oxygen Species
Receptors
Signaling
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Summary:The plasma membrane (PM) is composed of heterogeneous subdomains, characterized by differences in protein and lipid composition. PM receptors can be dynamically sorted into membrane domains to underpin signaling in response to extracellular stimuli. In plants, the plasmodesmal PM is a discrete microdomain that hosts specific receptors and responses. We exploited the independence of this PM domain to investigate how membrane domains can independently integrate a signal that triggers responses across the cell. Focusing on chitin signaling, we found that responses in the plasmodesmal PM require the LysM receptor kinases LYK4 and LYK5 in addition to LYM2. Chitin induces dynamic changes in the localization, association, or mobility of these receptors, but only LYM2 and LYK4 are detected in the plasmodesmal PM. We further uncovered that chitin-induced production of reactive oxygen species and callose depends on specific signaling events that lead to plasmodesmata closure. Our results demonstrate that distinct membrane domains can integrate a common signal with specific machinery that initiates discrete signaling cascades to produce a localized response.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1907799117