Evaluation of inactivation methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in noncellular blood products

• Published in: Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2006-10, Vol.46 (10), p.1770-1777
• Main Authors: Darnell, Miriam E.R., Taylor, Deborah R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Components; Blood Donors; Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis; Blood. Blood coagulation. Reticuloendothelial system; Caprylates - pharmacology; Chlorocebus aethiops; Emergency and intensive respiratory care; Hot Temperature; Humans; Intensive care medicine; Medical sciences; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Plasma - virology; SARS Virus; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - prevention & control; Time Factors; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy; Ultraviolet Rays; Vero Cells; Virus Inactivation - drug effects; Virus Inactivation - radiation effects
• ISSN: 0041-1132; 1537-2995
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00976.x

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) has been detected in the blood of infected individuals, which may have the potential to contaminate donated blood and plasma‐derived products in the event of a future outbreak. Effective methods for inactivating the SARS‐CoV in protein solutions are described in this report. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Heat, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, octanoic acid, and solvent/detergent (S/D) methods were tested individually for their ability to inactivate SARS‐CoV in protein solutions appropriately mimicking blood‐derived products. Treated samples were tested for inactivation in a tissue culture growth assay. RESULTS: Viral inactivation by heat treatment at 60°C required 15 to 30 minutes to inactivate the SARS‐CoV. UVC efficiently inactivated SARS‐CoV in 40 minutes, whereas UVA required the addition of psoralen to enhance inactivation of the virus. The presence of bovine serum albumin limited the ability of UVC and UVA to inactivate SARS‐CoV and octanoic acid treatment does not reduce the infectivity of SARS‐CoV–spiked protein solutions. S/D treatment required 2, 4, and up to 24 hours for Triton X‐100, Tween 80, and sodium cholate inactivation, respectively. CONCLUSION: Heat, UVC irradiation, and S/D treatments effectively inactivate SARS‐CoV, whereas octanoic acid treatment is insufficient for inactivation of the virus.