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The plastid transcription machinery and its coordination with the expression of nuclear genome: Plastid-Encoded Polymerase, Nuclear-Encoded Polymerase and the Genomes Uncoupled 1-mediated retrograde communication
Plastid genes in higher plants are transcribed by at least two different RNA polymerases, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), a bacteria-like core enzyme whose subunits are encoded by plastid genes ( , , and ), and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), a monomeric bacteriophage-typ...
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Published in: | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences 2020-06, Vol.375 (1801), p.20190399-20190399 |
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container_issue | 1801 |
container_start_page | 20190399 |
container_title | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences |
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creator | Tadini, Luca Jeran, Nicolaj Peracchio, Carlotta Masiero, Simona Colombo, Monica Pesaresi, Paolo |
description | Plastid genes in higher plants are transcribed by at least two different RNA polymerases, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), a bacteria-like core enzyme whose subunits are encoded by plastid genes (
,
,
and
), and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), a monomeric bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase. Both PEP and NEP enzymes are active in non-green plastids and in chloroplasts at all developmental stages. Their transcriptional activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors and requires a strict coordination within the plastid and with the nuclear gene expression machinery. This review focuses on the different molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast transcription regulation and its coordination with the photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (
) expression. Particular attention is given to the link between NEP and PEP activity and the GUN1- (Genomes Uncoupled 1) mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde communication with respect to the
adaptive response, i.e. the increased accumulation of NEP-dependent transcripts upon depletion of PEP activity, and the editing-level changes observed in NEP-dependent transcripts, including
and
, in
cotyledons after norflurazon or lincomycin treatment. The role of cytosolic preproteins and HSP90 chaperone as components of the GUN1-retrograde signalling pathway, when chloroplast biogenesis is inhibited in
cotyledons, is also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1098/rstb.2019.0399 |
format | article |
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,
,
and
), and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), a monomeric bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase. Both PEP and NEP enzymes are active in non-green plastids and in chloroplasts at all developmental stages. Their transcriptional activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors and requires a strict coordination within the plastid and with the nuclear gene expression machinery. This review focuses on the different molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast transcription regulation and its coordination with the photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (
) expression. Particular attention is given to the link between NEP and PEP activity and the GUN1- (Genomes Uncoupled 1) mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde communication with respect to the
adaptive response, i.e. the increased accumulation of NEP-dependent transcripts upon depletion of PEP activity, and the editing-level changes observed in NEP-dependent transcripts, including
and
, in
cotyledons after norflurazon or lincomycin treatment. The role of cytosolic preproteins and HSP90 chaperone as components of the GUN1-retrograde signalling pathway, when chloroplast biogenesis is inhibited in
cotyledons, is also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0962-8436</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2970</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0399</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32362266</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: The Royal Society</publisher><subject>Cell Nucleus - genetics ; Cell Nucleus - metabolism ; Chloroplasts - genetics ; Chloroplasts - physiology ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology ; Genome, Plant ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Plants - enzymology ; Plants - genetics ; Plastids - genetics ; Plastids - metabolism ; Review ; Signal Transduction - genetics ; Transcription, Genetic - physiology</subject><ispartof>Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences, 2020-06, Vol.375 (1801), p.20190399-20190399</ispartof><rights>2020 The Author(s) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-46859d48219443b0902da2e2cb0e0c7247893a1a2d4115e94525ea941d1f28c93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-46859d48219443b0902da2e2cb0e0c7247893a1a2d4115e94525ea941d1f28c93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3236-7005</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7209951/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7209951/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32362266$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tadini, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeran, Nicolaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peracchio, Carlotta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masiero, Simona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colombo, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pesaresi, Paolo</creatorcontrib><title>The plastid transcription machinery and its coordination with the expression of nuclear genome: Plastid-Encoded Polymerase, Nuclear-Encoded Polymerase and the Genomes Uncoupled 1-mediated retrograde communication</title><title>Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences</title><addtitle>Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</addtitle><description>Plastid genes in higher plants are transcribed by at least two different RNA polymerases, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), a bacteria-like core enzyme whose subunits are encoded by plastid genes (
,
,
and
), and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), a monomeric bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase. Both PEP and NEP enzymes are active in non-green plastids and in chloroplasts at all developmental stages. Their transcriptional activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors and requires a strict coordination within the plastid and with the nuclear gene expression machinery. This review focuses on the different molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast transcription regulation and its coordination with the photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (
) expression. Particular attention is given to the link between NEP and PEP activity and the GUN1- (Genomes Uncoupled 1) mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde communication with respect to the
adaptive response, i.e. the increased accumulation of NEP-dependent transcripts upon depletion of PEP activity, and the editing-level changes observed in NEP-dependent transcripts, including
and
, in
cotyledons after norflurazon or lincomycin treatment. The role of cytosolic preproteins and HSP90 chaperone as components of the GUN1-retrograde signalling pathway, when chloroplast biogenesis is inhibited in
cotyledons, is also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.</description><subject>Cell Nucleus - genetics</subject><subject>Cell Nucleus - metabolism</subject><subject>Chloroplasts - genetics</subject><subject>Chloroplasts - physiology</subject><subject>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics</subject><subject>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology</subject><subject>Genome, Plant</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Plants - enzymology</subject><subject>Plants - genetics</subject><subject>Plastids - genetics</subject><subject>Plastids - metabolism</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic - physiology</subject><issn>0962-8436</issn><issn>1471-2970</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNptkktvEzEUhS1ERUPLliXykgUT_JqHWSBVVSlIVdtFu7Yc-yYxmrEH2wPkf_YH1ZOUCiRWtny_e-7R9UHoLSVLSmT3Maa8WjJC5ZJwKV-gBRUtrZhsyUu0ILJhVSd4c4xep_SdECLrVrxCx5zxhrGmWaCHuy3gsdcpO4tz1D6Z6MbsgseDNlvnIe6w9ha7nLAJIVrn9b78y-UtzqUbfo8RUprfwhr7yfSgI96ADwN8wrcH7erCm2DB4tvQ7waIOsEHfH1g_1Pbj5zFL_cyCd8XZBr7AtFqAOt0LtcIOYZN1BaKtWGYvDN7b6foaK37BG-ezhN0_-Xi7vxrdXVz-e387KoyNZe5Ek1XSys6RqUQfEUkYVYzYGZFgJiWibaTXFPNrKC0BilqVoOWglq6Zp2R_AR9PuiO06qYMuDLBns1RjfouFNBO_Vvxbut2oSfqmVEypoWgfdPAjH8mCBlNbhkoO-1hzAlxbjsaMNawQq6PKAmhpQirJ_HUKLmKKg5CmqOgpqjUBre_W3uGf_z9_wRX1C2lw</recordid><startdate>20200622</startdate><enddate>20200622</enddate><creator>Tadini, Luca</creator><creator>Jeran, Nicolaj</creator><creator>Peracchio, Carlotta</creator><creator>Masiero, Simona</creator><creator>Colombo, Monica</creator><creator>Pesaresi, Paolo</creator><general>The Royal Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3236-7005</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200622</creationdate><title>The plastid transcription machinery and its coordination with the expression of nuclear genome: Plastid-Encoded Polymerase, Nuclear-Encoded Polymerase and the Genomes Uncoupled 1-mediated retrograde communication</title><author>Tadini, Luca ; Jeran, Nicolaj ; Peracchio, Carlotta ; Masiero, Simona ; Colombo, Monica ; Pesaresi, Paolo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-46859d48219443b0902da2e2cb0e0c7247893a1a2d4115e94525ea941d1f28c93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cell Nucleus - genetics</topic><topic>Cell Nucleus - metabolism</topic><topic>Chloroplasts - genetics</topic><topic>Chloroplasts - physiology</topic><topic>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics</topic><topic>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology</topic><topic>Genome, Plant</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Plants - enzymology</topic><topic>Plants - genetics</topic><topic>Plastids - genetics</topic><topic>Plastids - metabolism</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - genetics</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tadini, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeran, Nicolaj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peracchio, Carlotta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masiero, Simona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colombo, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pesaresi, Paolo</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tadini, Luca</au><au>Jeran, Nicolaj</au><au>Peracchio, Carlotta</au><au>Masiero, Simona</au><au>Colombo, Monica</au><au>Pesaresi, Paolo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The plastid transcription machinery and its coordination with the expression of nuclear genome: Plastid-Encoded Polymerase, Nuclear-Encoded Polymerase and the Genomes Uncoupled 1-mediated retrograde communication</atitle><jtitle>Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</addtitle><date>2020-06-22</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>375</volume><issue>1801</issue><spage>20190399</spage><epage>20190399</epage><pages>20190399-20190399</pages><issn>0962-8436</issn><eissn>1471-2970</eissn><abstract>Plastid genes in higher plants are transcribed by at least two different RNA polymerases, the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), a bacteria-like core enzyme whose subunits are encoded by plastid genes (
,
,
and
), and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), a monomeric bacteriophage-type RNA polymerase. Both PEP and NEP enzymes are active in non-green plastids and in chloroplasts at all developmental stages. Their transcriptional activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors and requires a strict coordination within the plastid and with the nuclear gene expression machinery. This review focuses on the different molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast transcription regulation and its coordination with the photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (
) expression. Particular attention is given to the link between NEP and PEP activity and the GUN1- (Genomes Uncoupled 1) mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde communication with respect to the
adaptive response, i.e. the increased accumulation of NEP-dependent transcripts upon depletion of PEP activity, and the editing-level changes observed in NEP-dependent transcripts, including
and
, in
cotyledons after norflurazon or lincomycin treatment. The role of cytosolic preproteins and HSP90 chaperone as components of the GUN1-retrograde signalling pathway, when chloroplast biogenesis is inhibited in
cotyledons, is also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>The Royal Society</pub><pmid>32362266</pmid><doi>10.1098/rstb.2019.0399</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3236-7005</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; PubMed Central |
subjects | Cell Nucleus - genetics Cell Nucleus - metabolism Chloroplasts - genetics Chloroplasts - physiology DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology Genome, Plant Photosynthesis Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plants - enzymology Plants - genetics Plastids - genetics Plastids - metabolism Review Signal Transduction - genetics Transcription, Genetic - physiology |
title | The plastid transcription machinery and its coordination with the expression of nuclear genome: Plastid-Encoded Polymerase, Nuclear-Encoded Polymerase and the Genomes Uncoupled 1-mediated retrograde communication |
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