Therapeutic vaccination with IDLV-SIV-Gag results in durable viremia control in chronically SHIV-infected macaques

Despite incredible scientific efforts, there is no cure for HIV infection. While antiretroviral treatment (ART) can help control the virus and prevent transmission, it cannot eradicate HIV from viral reservoirs established before the initiation of therapy. Further, HIV-infected individuals reliably...

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Published in:npj vaccines 2020-05, Vol.5 (1), p.36-36, Article 36
Main Authors: Blasi, Maria, Wescott, Elizabeth C., Baker, Erich J., Mildenberg, Benjamin, LaBranche, Celia, Rountree, Wes, Haynes, Barton F., Saunders, Kevin O., Moody, M. Anthony, Negri, Donatella, Santra, Sampa, Cara, Andrea, Klotman, Mary E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Antiretroviral agents
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiviral drugs
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune response
Immunization
Infectious Diseases
Laboratory animals
Medical Microbiology
Monkeys & apes
Public Health
Vaccine
Vaccines
Virology
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Summary:Despite incredible scientific efforts, there is no cure for HIV infection. While antiretroviral treatment (ART) can help control the virus and prevent transmission, it cannot eradicate HIV from viral reservoirs established before the initiation of therapy. Further, HIV-infected individuals reliably exhibit viral rebound when ART is interrupted, suggesting that the host immune response fails to control viral replication in persistent reservoirs. Therapeutic vaccines are one current approach to improving antiviral host immune responses and enhance long term virus control. In the present study, we used an integrase defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) expressing SIV-Gag to boost anti-Gag specific immune responses in macaques chronically infected with the tier-2 SHIV-1157(QNE)Y173H. A single immunization with IDLV-SIV-Gag induced durable (>20 weeks) virus control in 55% of the vaccinated macaques, correlating with an increased magnitude of SIV-Gag specific CD8+ T-cell responses. IDLV-based therapeutic vaccines are therefore an effective approach to improve virus specific CD8+ T-cell responses and mediate virus control.
ISSN:2059-0105
2059-0105
DOI:10.1038/s41541-020-0186-5